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RA > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color

A

(definition) Restorative Art

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2
Q

refers to the shape of a surface structure which is recognizable by its outline an surface-movement

A

Form

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3
Q

Form involves 3 dimensions:

A

Length, width, projection

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4
Q

those rays of light reflected form the surface

A

color

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5
Q

Who were the 1st to practice restorative art?

A

Egyptians- several thousand years ago

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6
Q

How did Egyptians do RA and why?

A

believed in reincarnation. Prepared dead so they would be in “perfect” condition 3000 years later. Scars were corrected, missing limbs replaced, fractures splinted, cheeks and hollows were filled.

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7
Q

RA during Middle Ages

A

Art of Egyptians fell to disuse as the populace was unable to read. Doctors took care of privileged class- no effort made at restoration.

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8
Q

13th and 14th centuries

A

post-mortem care of royalty and the landed gentry resembled Egyptians. Blood and organs removed, remains immersed in vats of preserving liquids and powders. Deceased not presentable for viewing purposes.

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9
Q

Italy during Renaissance

A

death masks were made as a “heroic” statue. Artistic practice

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10
Q

When did Restorative Art begin

A

the end of the 19th Century in the US and Canada. After the Civil War. First attempt was similar to plastic surgery but failed due to the process of healing in nature

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11
Q

Useful in surface construction but had disadvantages such as: it didn’t color properly, difficult to mold, drained moisture “moisture wicking” causing tissues to shrink

A

Plaster of Paris

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12
Q

Too dark and oily, difficult to hide with coloring material

A

Sculptors clay

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13
Q

dried out and shrank

A

cotton and collodion

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14
Q

used 1914-15. coloring presented a problem.

A

melted yellow soap

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15
Q

Early 20th century

A

mortuary chemical companies turned to production of formaldehyde fluids- metallic poisons illegal

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16
Q

mid 1920’s

A

restorative waxes used

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17
Q

require minimum effort, skill or time to complete

A

minor restorations

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18
Q

correcting misaligned fracture, hypodermic tissue building, reduction of swelling, subtissue surgery, waxing lips abrasions sutures or razor burns, suturing clean cuts, small hair replacement, bleaching and concealing minor discoloration, removal and restoration of fever sores/scabs

A

examples of minor restorations

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19
Q

require a long period of time, extensive, require technical skill

A

major restorations

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20
Q

restoration of a full head of hair, subtissue surgery of swollen neck, buck- teeth, deep wound preparation, care of deep lacerations, repair of multiple fractures, third degree burns, skin slip, dismemberment of a limb, complete loss of a part

A

time and extensive repairs of major restorations

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21
Q

distorted portion of the face/cranium, wax surfacing over a large wound, modeling a facial feature, achieving natural appearance when masking a completely discolored face with opaque cosmetics

A

technical skill of major restorations

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22
Q

you need permission to undertake,,,,

A

major or minor restorative art

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23
Q

you do not need permission to undertake….

A

those incurred in preparation of the remains, visual swelling, leakage, or tissue discoloring

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24
Q

the study of the face and features. deals only with the surface.

A

physiognomy

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25
Q

differences of paired features, the two sides of a feature or both halves of the face

A

asymmetry

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26
Q

where is the greatest variation?

A

ears

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27
Q

the most common characteristic of each part of a feature.

A

norm

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28
Q

the front or forward

A

anterior

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29
Q

a position closer to the vertex of the skull

A

superior

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30
Q

position behind or toward the rear

A

posterior

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31
Q

position below or toward the feet

A

inferior

32
Q

position closer to the median plane

A

medial

33
Q

position farther from the median plane; to the side

A

lateral

34
Q

refers to the two sides

A

bilateral

35
Q

vertical plane which divides the head into left and right sides; midline of the face

A

median plane

36
Q

cut across the median plane at right angles

A

horizontal planes

37
Q

slanted; neither vertical nor horizontal

A

oblique plane

38
Q

surface exhibiting a minimum curvature but differing in direction from the adjacent surfaces

A

surface plane

39
Q

jutting out of a part or structure in comparison with another structure or part

A

projection

40
Q

state of standing forth as to be readily seen

A

prominence

41
Q

the act of receding

A

recession

42
Q

sunken (concave) area or part

A

depression

43
Q

head is long or rounded, high cranial vertex while forehead is full or dome like. nose is long and narrow, lips are thin

A

White Race

44
Q

long, narrow head with a low cranial vertex. Nose broad and flat. Thick everted lips, projecting face, recessive chin

A

Black Race

45
Q

short broad head and high cranial vertex. wide cheekbones and small nose and slanting eyes. distance from nasal root to inner corner of the eye is minimal

A

Yellow Race

46
Q

bony structures of each person are….

A

alike in name and location

47
Q

oval, egg shape, oblong

A

skull form

48
Q

Width is 2/3rds its length

A

classical form of skull

49
Q

facial portion of the skull is small- about 1/8 of the area of the cranium

A

skull at birth

50
Q

1/2 the size of the cranial area

A

adult facial portion

51
Q

the skull grows rapidly from

A

birth to age 7

52
Q

the sutures of the skull begin to ossify at age

A

22

53
Q

skull is lighter, smaller, and cranial capacity is 10% less, walls are thinner, muscular ridges less pronounced, vertex is not as high, cranial vault appears flattened. Rounded and smoother facial bones

A

female skull

54
Q

reduction of the size of the upper and lower jaws- due to loss of teeth and absorption of alveolar processes

A

characteristics of old age

55
Q

Occipital (1), Parietal (2), Temporal (2), Frontal (1)

A

bones of cranium- larger and simpler

56
Q

Nasal (2), Zygomatic (2), Maxilla (2), Mandible (1)

A

bones of face- complex

57
Q

lowest part of the back and base of skull. large opening - Foramen Magnum

A

Occipital bone

58
Q

2 bones- form sides and back of cranium. smooth and convex. WIDEST PART OF CRANIUM is Parietal eminences!

A

Parietal Bones (2)

59
Q

create the lower portion of the sides of the cranium. lie below parietal bones

A

Temporal Bones (2)

60
Q

vertical portion of the temporal bone. sever impact causes swollen and discolored eyes

A

squama

61
Q

projects from squama. used to establish the widest part of the face and locate the correct position of a modeled ear. divides the length of ear into two equal parts.
WIDEST PART OF FACE is measured between the two…

A

zygomatic arch

62
Q

small oval depression on the under-surface of the temporal bone. socket where the condyle of the lower jaw fits and acts as a hinge.

A

mandibular fossa

63
Q

located under the ear. serves as the attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle- WIDEST PART OF NECK

A

mastoid process

64
Q

forms the forehead and anterior portion of the roof of the skull. a single bone. convex

A

frontal bone

65
Q

Where is the greatest deposits of melanin found?

A

hair

66
Q

lies in the stratum corneum and in the fat of the derma and superficial fascia. yellow pigment contributes greatly to the sallowness of the kin coloring

A

carotene

67
Q

outermost layer of the skin. no lymph or blood vessels.

A

epidermis (epithelium)

68
Q

deeper layer of skin. tough, flexible and elastic.

A

derma (connective tissue)

69
Q

covered by tissues which are dense, composed of muscles and large amount of fat

A

chin

70
Q

contains considerable amount of fat. superficial fascia is tougher and more fibrous than at other parts

A

cheek

71
Q

inner surface of each lip is connected to the corresponding gum by a fold of mucous membrane called the frenulum. upper frenulum is usually larger than the lower.

A

mouth

72
Q

skin is thin and closely bound to the underlying perichondrium, covered with fine hairs and furnished with sebaceous glands most numerous in the concha and scapha. the lobe is composed of tough areolar and adipose tissues

A

ear

73
Q

lids are devoid of fat. easily distended and infiltrated with tissue fluid in edema or by blood in ecchymosis or hemorrhage. integument is extremely thin on eyelids

A

eye

74
Q

wings of the nose are composed of fatty and fibrous tissue covered by skin

A

nose

75
Q

tissues are relatively thing and follow the convolutions of the bony framework. skin is thicker than in any other part of the body.

A

scalp and forehead

RA (3 decks)

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