Quiz 1 Flashcards
Traits of Case Studies
small group of people over time (single case study follows one person over time). Qualitative (interviews, recoding small group and write observations, etc.). Not a lot of jargon
Traits of Experiments
There is a treatment and control group. There is a hypothesis and alternative hypothesis. RANDOM ASSIGNMENT makes experiments stand out from Correlational studies. Cause and Effect.
What do Correlations indicate?
Strength and direction of a relationship between two variables.
Which correlation is stronger? -0.6 or 0.3
-0.6
Prefrontal cortex
Good decision-making. Doesn’t fully develop until mid 20’s (last part of brain to fully develop)
Wernicke’s Area
Comprehending language
Broca’s Area
Verbalization
Medulla Oblongata
Controls involuntary movements (vomiting, breathing, blinking, heart rate, etc.)
Cerebellum
Coordination and balance
Corpus Callosum
The fibers that connect the two hemispheres of the brain. Can be severed to stop epileptic seizures (split brain)
Lateralization
The term that refers to the two hemispheres in the brain.
Assimilation
A child has an idea of how some things work in the world and apply that knowledge to new information. Ex: You know how to use a spoon but you get a fork, it looks like a spoon so you just think it’s a weird spoon.
Accommodation
A child changes their schema in light of new information. Ex: I like to bang things like my rattle to make noise, I bang a creamer and it makes a mess but no noise, I may do it again to be sure, but I learn not to do that with certain objects.
Object Permanence
You know that an object still exists even though you cannot see it. Mastered in Sensorimotor Stage
Conservation
The child understands that changing the form of a substance or object does not change its amount, overall volume, or mass. Problem in Preoperational Stage, Mastered in Concrete Operational Stage. (ex: Different height water glasses but same volume)
Centration
Focusing on one aspect/dimension of a problem. At Preoperational Stage kids focus on the wrong aspect of the problem (ex: focusing on height instead of volume). Mastered in Concrete Operational Stage.
Seriation
Ordering from small to large. Mastered in Concrete Operational Stage.
Sensorimotor Stage
Birth-2 years. Object Permanence Mastered.
Preoperational Stage
2-7 years. Start working with symbols and pictures, understand written language, egocentric thought, forward thinking but not backward (can add but can’t subtract), TROUBLE with conservation, Centration
Concrete Operational
7-11 years. Conservation mastered, realize other’s views, forward and backward thinking, struggle with abstract/hypothetical, Seriation Mastered (able to explain thought process not trial and error, can make deductions)
Zone of Proximal Development
Students make sense of new information when support is given.
Scaffolding
The tools used by teachers to foster optimal learning.
Private Speech
When children want to make sense of their learning they narrate what they are doing (with age it becomes internalized).
Trust vs. Mistrust
Birth-18 months (Sensorimotor stage)
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
18 months-3 years (Preoperational stage)
Initiative vs. guilt
3-6 years (Preoperational stage)
Industry vs. inferiority
6-12 years (Preoperational stage/Concrete Operational stage)
Identity vs. role confusion
12-18 years (Formal Operational stage)
Intimacy vs. isolation
20’s and early 30’s, early adulthood
Generativity vs. stagnation
30’s-50’s, middle adulthood
Ego integrity vs. despair
50’s and up, late adulthood
How to calculate IQ score
(Mental age/chronological age) x 100
Determining Percentile of IQ score
Add all the percentages to left side of the mean (cut off line) ex: score=85, mean=100, sd=15, percentile=30.9 (15+9.2+4.4+1.7+0.5+0.1)
Musical
music smart
Bodily-kinesthetic
body smart
Interpersonal
people smart
Verbal-linguistic
word smart
Logical-mathematical
logic smart
Naturalistic
nature smart
Intrapersonal
self smart
Visual-spatial
picture smart
