quiz 1 Flashcards
which 1 of the following is most toxic
- aspirin
- morphine
- nicotine
- caffeine
nicotine
it has a lethal dose of 1mg/kg
most common toxin exposure in companion animals
- parasite control
- accidental exposure
- household products
- drugs (humans n vet)
- human food material.
main toxins for farm animals
- feed contamination
- plant toxins
- mycotoxins
- bacterial toxins
- env. pullutants
- water contamination
- inhalation of gases and vapors
factos that determine toxic effect
- dose and route of exposure
- toxic effects may differ between spp(gender, age)
- toxic effects differ with acute or chronic exposure
- intoxication =conc*duration of exposure
discuss the toxic mechanism of onions and garlic
- N-propyl sulfoxides-glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor
- leading to glutathion depletion in rbc- causing hemolytic anemia n heinz body formation
cs of anion and garlic toxicity in carnivors
- gastroenteritis
- abdominal pain
- loss of appetite
- depression
- hemolysis
- methemoglobinemia
- brown discoloration of urine
this over the counter sleep pill cause depression on the cns
diphenhydramine
characteristics of type A adverse drug effects (ADRS)
- RELATED TO KNOWN PHARMACOLOGY
- COMMON
- DOSE RELATED
- PREDICTABLE
EXAMPLES OF TYPE A ADRs (AUGMENTED ADRs)
- haemorrhage with anticoagulants
- respiratory depression with opioids
sedation with anxiolytics
EXAMPLES OF TYPE B ADRs
- anaphylaxis with penicillins
- allergic liver damage with
halothane
- bone marrow depression with
chloramphenicol
N.B THEY VARY FROM INDIVIDUAL TO INDIVIDUAL AND THEY ARE NT PREDICTABLE
CHARACTERISTICS OF TYPE B( BIZAIRE ADRs)
- unrelated to know pharmacology
- rare
- unpredictable
- often idiosyncratic
WHICH DRUG LEADS TO NEPHROTOXICITY AND OTOTOXICITY
GENTAMICIN
WHICH DRUG CAUSE CARTILAGE DAMAGE IN GROWING ANIMALS
ENROFLAXACIN
MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
- Most chemicals and their metabolic products are toO small to be recognised by the immune system
- combination of hapten with an endogenous
protein (antigen)
Manifestations:
- involvement of many organ systems
- range from minor skin reactions to fatal
anaphylactic reactions
- different in different animal species
DRUGS ASSOCIATED WITH CUTANEOUS HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS
- PENICILINS
- TRIMETHROPRIM
