Quiz 1 Flashcards
Cell fractionation
Cell fractionation is the process of producing pure fractions of cell components. The process involves two basic steps: disruption of the tissue and lysis of the cells, followed by centrifugation.
Organelles
In cell biology, an organelle is one of several structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic
Plasma membrane
The plasma membrane is the boundary between the cell and its environment. It regulates what enters and exits the cell. Cells must maintain an appropriate amount of molecules to function inside them
Cytosol
The cytosol, by definition, is the fluid in which organelles of the cell reside.
Eukaryotic cell
Has nucleus membrane bound organelles cell membrane cell wall
eukaryotes have a defined nucleus and organelles (1) Eukaryotic cells have an organized nucleus with a nuclear envelope. They have a “brain” for the cell. They have a discreet area where they keep their DNA. It is also said that they have a “true nucleus.” Can we say it any other way?
Prokaryotes
A prokaryote is a single‑celled organism that lacks a membrane‑bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle. The word prokaryote comes from the Greek πρό- “before” and καρυόν “nut or kernel”. Wikipedia
Nucleoid
The nucleoid is the region of a prokaryotic cell that houses the primary DNA
Cytoplasm
the cell substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol, organelles, cytoskeleton, and various particles.
Nucleus
The cell nucleus is a membrane bound structure that contains the cell’s hereditary information and controls the cell’s growth and reproduction. P
Nuclear envelope
The nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus with a double membrane with multiple pores. The pores regulate the passage of macromolecules like proteins and RNA, but permit free passage of water, ions, ATP and other small molecules.
Nuclear lamina
The nuclear lamina is a dense (~30 to 100 nm thick) fibrillar network inside the nucleus of most cells. It is composed of intermediate filaments and membrane associated proteins. Besides providing mechanical support, the nuclear lamina regulates important cellular events such as DNA replication and cell division. Additionally, it participates in chromatin organization and it anchors the nuclear pore complexes embedded in the nuclear envelope.
Chromosomes
A chromosome is packaged and organized chromatin, a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein and RNA. The main information-carrying macromolecule is a single piece of coiled double-stranded DNA, containing many genes, regulatory elements and other non-coding DNA.
Chromatin
Chromatin is a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein and RNA. The primary functions of chromatin are 1) to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, 2) to reinforce the DNA macromolecule to allow mitosis, 3) to prevent DNA damage, and 4) to control gene expression and DNA replication. The primary protein components of chromatin are histones that compact the DNA. Chromatin is only found in eukaryotic cells, (a cell with a defined nucleus).
Nucleolus
The round granular structure within the nucleus of a cell, and composed of protein and RNA.
Ribosomes
Within cells are small, dense structures known as ribosomes that catalyse the assembly of protein chains. The ribosome accomplishes the reading of the messenger RNAs and the binding of amino acids to the transfer RNAs to build up the protein structures. This process is called translation, a word that seems appropriate since it translates the four-character alphabet of the bases used in the genetic code to proteins built in the twenty-character alphabet of amino acids.
