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Leadership & Ethics > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the study of ethical systems?

A

Metaethics.

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1
Q

What is the definition of ethics?

A

Ethics describes individual character of a person. It also asks what is right or wrong in a society.

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2
Q

Define moral.

A

Practices or rules of desirable proper behavior of individuals in society. (Associated with customs). Morality asks how should we behave toward others. Prescriptive or descriptive.

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3
Q

When something is considered morally wrong it is called?

A

Immoral.

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4
Q

When something is considered amoral, it means?

A

Having no moral sense. Indifferent to right or wrong.

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5
Q

Define nonmoral.

A

Outside the realm of morality all together.

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6
Q

What are meaningful statements describing states of affairs. The statements must be either true or false.

A

Proposition.

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7
Q

When a proposition is false, it describes a state of affairs that occurred, is occurring, or will happen in the future. True or false.

A

False. It describes a state of affairs that did not occur, is not occurring, or will not occur..

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8
Q

Truth is absolute and not relative to belief, knowledge, person, place, or time. True or false.

A

True.

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9
Q

Name 5 reasons we establish moral rules.

A
  1. Create social order
  2. Relieve human suffering
  3. Promote human flourishing (excellence)
  4. Resolve conflicts of interests in just ways
  5. Enlightened self-interest
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10
Q

Name 4 aspects of morality.

A
  1. Religious - in relationship with a supernatural or God
  2. Nature - in relationship with nature
  3. Individual - individual code or conscience
  4. Social - human relationships with each other
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11
Q

Name 6 stages of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development.

A
  1. Doing the right thing avoids punishment
  2. You scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours
  3. Others will think well of you (good boy-nice girl)
  4. Doing the right thing allows society to function (duty, law, order)
  5. Doing the right thing promotes the welfare of all people and protects the interests of others
  6. Principled ethics from conscience leads to justice (Golden Rule)
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12
Q 
Ethics is:
A.  The study of knowledge
B.  The study of human behavior
C.  The study of right and wrong
D.  The study of what is socially acceptable.
A

C. The Study of right and wrong

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13
Q 
The belief that "all humans should act in their own self interest" is held by:
A.  Fatalists
B.  Utilitarians
C.  Psychological egoists
D.  Universal ethical egoists
A

D. Universal ethical egoists.

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14
Q 
"If it feels good, do it" is a popular slogan that reflects:
A.  Act nonconsequentialism
B.  Rule nonconsequentialism
C.  Egoism
D.  Virtue ethics.
A

A. Act nonconsequentialism.

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15
Q

What are the 5 assumptions that must be present in an ethical theory for it to be livable and workable?

A
  1. Must be rationally based, yet not devoid of emotion.
  2. Must be logically consistent, but not rigid and inflexible.
  3. Must have universality or general application to all humanity
  4. Must be teachable.
  5. Must resolve conflicts among human beings, duties, and obligations.
16
Q

What are the 5 basic priciples to assess an ethical decision in Humanitarian ethics?

A
  1. Value of life principle.
  2. Principle of goodness or rightness.
  3. Principle of justice or fairness (distributive)
  4. Principle of truth telling or honesty
  5. Principle of individual freedom
17
Q

The principle that states human beings should revere life and accept death is?

A

The value of life principle.

18
Q

Which principle requires the following:

  1. Humans must promote goodness over badness and do good.
  2. Cause no harm or badness
  3. Prevent badness or harm
A

The principle of goodness or rightness.

19
Q

What are 4 ways to distribute reward?

A
  1. As equal as possible
  2. According to ability
  3. Need based
  4. Deserving or merit
20
Q

Rational ethical egoism is Any Rand’s view that

a. the novel Atlas Shrugged really isn’t as silly as your professor thinks it is
b. If rational beings act accord to their self-interest, their interests will almost never conflict
c. Capitalism has devastating moral consequences
d. philosophy as a guide to life, should struggle to show that it is rational to be both ethical and egotistical

A

B. If rational beings act according to their self-interests, their interests will almost never conflict.

21
Q

Manner and etiquette are:

a. a central concern of ethics
b. examples of moral codes that are never culturally relative
c. not related to ethical criticism
d. examples of human behavior that are grounded on matters of taste and cultural preferences.

A

d. Examples of human behavior that are grounded on matters of taste and cultural preferences.

22
Q

The two people who were principally responsible for developing the theory of utilitarianism were____and___.

a. Karl Marx and Joseph Stalin
b. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill
c. Plato and Aristotle
d. Thomas Jefferson and Ayn Rand

A

B. Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

23
Q

Which of the following is closest to what a utilitarian believes makes an act morally right?

a. an act is morally right if people on the whole take pleasure in performing it.
b. an act is morally right if it was performed by a person who believes in the principle of utility.
c. an act is morally right if a utilitarian deems it to be so.
d. an act is morally right if it is useful in bringing about a good or desirable end.

A

d. an act is morally right if it is useful in bringing about a good or desirable end.

24
Q

What is the difference between act and rule utilitarianism?

A

Act utilitarianism is situation based; it is based on the concept everyone should perform that act which will bring the greatest good over bad for everyone affected by the act.
Rule utilitarianism states that everyone should always establish and follow that rule or rules that will bring about the greatest good for all concerned.

25
Q

If the goal of life is the achievement of happiness, it stands to reason that______.

a. everything unpleasant or painful is inherently immoral.
b. we will struggle to avoid pain and suffering in all forms.
c. the goal of life is the selfish pursuit of pleasure.
d. we will often be willing to experience pain now if it is necessary to the achievement of happiness down the road.

A

d. we will often be willing to experience pain now if it is necessary to the achievement of happiness down the road.

26
Q

What are the 4 criteria for punishment?

A
  1. involve unpleasantness
  2. imposed or endured for a reason
  3. imposed by some person or group that has moral or legal authority.
  4. imposed according to certain rules or laws
27
Q

The act of rewarding or punishing based upon it consequences is which punishment/reward theory?

A

Utilitarianism (results theory)

28
Q

Distribution of good and bad on a just and fair basis is what type of justice?

A

Distributive Justice

29
Q

Define retributive justice.

A

People should get what they deserve in reward or punishment, regardless of consequences.

Leadership & Ethics (1 decks)

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