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Biology 155 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

covalent bond

A

strongest kind of bond. Atoms share 1 or more pairs of outer electrons.

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2
Q

molecule

A

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

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3
Q

non-polar covalent bonds

A

A covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms with similar electronegative.

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4
Q

polar covalent bonds

A

A covalent bond with atoms with different electronegativities. The shared atoms are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom. Water.

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5
Q

ionic bond

A

the bond that forms when 2 oppositely charged ions

attract each other. salt.

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6
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A type of weak chemical bond formed when the partially + hydrogen atom participates in a polar covalent bond in one molecule when the partially - atom participating in another molecule.

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7
Q

Cohesion

A

The sticking together of molecules of the same kinds, often by hydrogen bonds.

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8
Q

Adhesion

A

the clinging of 2 substances to another

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9
Q

surface tension

A

The resistance of the water layer from breaking

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10
Q

Heat

A

Amount of energy associated with movement of atoms and molecules in a body of matter.

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11
Q

acid

A

compound that donates a H+ ion

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12
Q

Solvent

A

dissolving agent (water).

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13
Q

solute

A

what gets dissolved (salt)

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14
Q

Base

A

compound that accepts an H+ ion

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15
Q

What are water’s life supporting properties?

A
  1. cohesion, adhesion and surface tension
  2. ability to store heat
  3. ice floats
  4. water is the universal solvent
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16
Q

Carbohydrates

A

have oxygen containing functional groups that make them polar/charged and therefore hydrophilic.

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17
Q

Lipids

A

most of the molecule is hydrophobic. Attached functional groups are hydrophilic.

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18
Q

proteins

A

polymer of amino acids ( 20 amino acids).

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19
Q

nucleic acids

A

the phosphate functional groups are hydrophilic. Nitrogenous bases have mix of properties.

20
Q

macromolecules

A

molecules of proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids may be huge.

21
Q

polymers/ monomers

A

Chains of smaller molecules that can join together to make macromolecules in cells. Consists of many identical building blocks called monomers.

22
Q

dehydration reactions

A

remove water

23
Q

hydrolysis

A

adds water

24
Q

enzymes

A

Used in both dehydration and hydrolysis. Specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells (catalysts).

25
Q

monosaccharides

A

simplest carbohydrate. Main fuels for cellular work.

26
Q

disaccharide

A

The bonding of 2 monosaccharides

27
Q

Polysaccharides

A

polymers of monosaccharides

28
Q

starch

A

storage polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers and found in plants

29
Q

glycogen

A

storage polysaccharide composed of glucose which is a branched polymer by animals when glucose is needed.

30
Q

cellulose

A

polymer or glucose that forms plant cells walls

31
Q

chitin

A

polysaccharide used by insects and crustaceans to build an exoskeleton

32
Q

lipids

A

water insoluble compounds that are important in energy storage structure of cells and specialized functions. Have a hydrocarbon core.

33
Q

unsaturated fats

A

has 1 fewer hydrogen atom on each carbon of the double bond

34
Q

saturated fats

A

no double bond on their hydrocarbon chain. Have max # of hydrogen atoms

35
Q

phospholipids

A

structurally similar to fats and are an important component of all cells. Have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

36
Q

Steroids

A

lipids composed of fused ring structures

37
Q

cholesterol

A

example of steroid that plays significant role in the structure of the cell membrane

38
Q

carbon skeleton

A

chain of carbon atoms. may be branched or unbranched and may have double bonds.

39
Q

hydroxyl group

A

consists of hydrogen bonded to an oxygen

40
Q

carbonyl group

A

carbon linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom

41
Q

carboxyl group

A

consists of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen and single bonded to a hydroxyl group

42
Q

amino group

A

composed of a nitrogen bonded to two hydrogen atoms and the carbon skeleton

43
Q

phosphate group

A

consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

44
Q

methyl group

A

consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen. nonpolar group

45
Q

amino acids

A

building blocks of proteins, have an amino group and a carboxyl goup

46
Q

three parts of a nucleotide

A

five carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous group

47
Q

diffusion

A

random movement of molecules

Biology 155 (1 decks)

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