Quiz 1 Flashcards
Gonads
Organs that produce reproductive cells
Primary sex characteristics
Direct role in reproduction
Secondary sex characteristics
Not directly related to reproduction
Testes
Male gonads which produce male sex hormones and sperm
- held in the scrotum
Seminiferous tubules
Coil ducts found within the testes lined with sperm producing cells
Interstitial cells
Secrete testosterone
Scrotum
Pouch of skin that hold the testes lower temperature than the body
Inguinal hernia
Rupture of the thin membrane, causing a segment of the small intestine to be forced in the scrotum
Vas deferens
Tubes that conducts sperm towards the urethra
- any blockage will prevent the movement of sperm from the testes to the external environment
Ejaculator duct
Regulate the movement of sperm and fluid into the urethra
Urethra
Common chamber for expelling, semen, and urine
- sphincter regulates the voiding of urine from the bladder
- work independently, but never open at the same time
Impetency
Caused by damage the parasympathetic system
- hormonal imbalance and stress
Sperm
Built for speed
high concentration of mitochondria
Only a small amount of cytoplasm
- at body temperature only lasts one to three days
Sertoli cells
Support cell which nourishes the sperm cell
Acrosome
Filled with enzymes that dissolve the outer coating of the egg
Epididymis
Locate along the posterior border of the testes
- where sperm matures and is stored
- develop flagella and begin swimming motions within four days
- immune system destroys deffective sperm
Seminole fluid
Sperm or mixed with fluid along ducts deference
What do the Seminole vesicles secrete?
Fructose and prostaglandins
Fructose
Provide a source of energy
Prostaglandins
Trigger rhythmic contraction of the smooth muscle in the uterus
Prostate gland
Secretion that contains buffers that protect the sperm from acidic vagina
Cowper’s gland
Secrete some mucus rich fluid prior to ejaculation
- fluids may protect the sperm from acids found in the urethra from urine
Semen
Combination of semen and seminal fluids
- released through an ejaculation
TDF
Testis determining factor
- triggered the production of male sex hormones
Ovary
Responsible for production of ovum and female sex hormones
Fallopian tubes
Passageway through which an oval moves from the ovary to the uterus or womb
How does an egg enter the fallopian tubes?
Egg enters through the ends called
Fimbriae and moves through via Celia
- fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes
Uterus
Female organ in which the fertilized oval normally becomes embedded and in which the embryo and foetus develop
Myometrium
Muscular outer lining of the uterus provides support for the embryo and helps in uterine contractions
Endometrium
Glandular inner lining that provides nourishment for the embryo
- contains many blood vessels
Cervix
Circular band of muscle that separates the vagina from the uterus
- dilated during birth to allow the foetus to enter the birth canal
Vagina
Connect the uterus with the outer environment
- serves as the birth canal
- Highly acidic
Menstrual cycle
Approximately every 28 days from puberty until middle age
- consists of the ovarian and uterine cycles
Follicles
Structures in the ovary that contain the egg and secrete oestrogen
- made of oocyte and granulosa cells
Follicular stage
Development of the follicle
leading to ovulation
- begins with an increase in FSH
- the maturing follicle releases oestrogen
- estrogen acts on the anterior pituitary to inhibit the release of FSH but positively feedback in the hypothalamus triggering a sudden release of GNRH
- GNRH stimulates production of LH, which increases triggering ovulation
Luteal Stage
Development of the corpus luteum
- after ovulation, LH caused the molecules to form the corpus luteum
- As the corpus luteum degenerates, secretion of estrogen, and progesterone slows
- FSH levels begin to rise in the cycle begins again
hCG
Maintains high levels of oestrogen and progesterone
- human chorionic gonadotropin
