Quiz 1 Flashcards
application of engineering
principles and methods to create
structures that span physical
obstacles such as rivers, valleys,
or roads, ensuring stability,
safety, and durability under
various loads and conditions.
Bridge Engineering
Understanding forces and moments acting on bridge
components.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
Choosing appropriate materials like steel, concrete, or
composites.
MATERIAL SCIENCE
Assessing ground conditions to ensure proper
foundation support.
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
Mitigating environmental impact and adhering to
regulations.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
oldest and still existing bridge in the
world in Hebei Province in China, originally
constructed approximately in A.D. 600.
Zhaozhou Bridge
In 1866 ____ & ____ in Germany conducted a
series of tests on reinforced concrete beams (Heins
and Lawrie, 1984), which started the era of concrete for
bridge construction.
Wayss and Koenen
With a length of 13.80 m and a width of
4.25 m, this bridge is the first reinforced
concrete bridge in the world located at
Chazelet, Touraine, France
Monier Bridge
was the first bridge across the Mississippi at St. Louis. It was a major
engineering feat, the largest bridge built at that time and the very first steel bridge.
Completed in 1874, it is the oldest bridge standing on the Mississippi River designed by
James Buchanan Eads
Eads Bridge
A 445 ft (136 m) long stone arch bridge built during the Spanish
colonial period in Tayabas, Quezon. It’s considered one of the oldest bridges in the
Philippines.
Malagonlong Bridge
A famous ancient bridge in Majayjay, Laguna, built on the backs of
Indios in 1851. It was never finished due to faulty engineering.
Puente Del Capricho
An arched girder bridge built in 1909 in Iloilo City to replace the wooden
Jaro Bridge. It’s considered the oldest concrete bridge in the Philippines.
Forbes Bridge
Built in 1872 as two separate timber bridges, it became the first steel
bridge in the Philippines in 1908. It is a steel truss bridge over the Pasig River in Manila,
Philippines
Ayala Bridge:
Planning and designing of bridges is ___ & _____
Part art and part compromise
TECHNICAL CONSTRAINTS
Bridge design is often a compromise because
it involves balancing multiple, sometimes
conflicting factors such as
Engineering Feasibility
Material Limitations
Sustainability
Regulatory Compliance
Cost Constraints
Construction Timelines
Public Acceptance
Cultural Significance
AASHTO
American Association of
State and Highway Transportation
Officials
Highway bridges can be classified based on various
criteria, including their
Structural Form
Material Used
Purpose
Span Length
Relative Position
Consist of horizontal beams supported at each end by piers or abutments. The
load is transferred directly to the supports.
Plate girder bridges, box girder bridges.
BEAM BRIDGES
Have curved structures that transfer loads to supports at either end via
compression forces.
ARCH BRIDGES
a steel
through arch bridge in Sydney, New South
Wales, Australia.
world’s tallest steel arch bridge –
measuring 134m from the top to the
water below. It’s also the sixth longest
spanning-arch bridge in the world.
Sydney Harbour Bridge
a concretefilled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge in
Pingnan County, Guangxi, China.
Length: 1,035 meters long
Span: 575 meters, the longest span of
any arch bridge in the world
Pingnan Third Bridge
Composed of interconnected triangular elements, offering high strength and
load distribution.
TRUSS BRIDGES
Use cables suspended from towers to support the deck, allowing long spans
SUSPENSION BRIDGES
connects the San
Francisco Peninsula and the Presidio to
Marin County across the beautiful
Golden Gate Strait
Golden Gate Bridge
Considered to be the longest span
suspension bridge in the world (1,991
meters)
Akashi Kaikyō Bridge
Considered to be the world’s longest
suspension bridge carrying both road and
rail traffic.
Tsing Ma Bridge
The deck is supported by cables connected directly to towers, offering a
balance between stiffness and flexibility.
CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES
The longest cable-stayed span bridge in
the world.
It boasts an impressive main span of
1,104 meters
Russky Bridge
Currently the longest cable-stayed bridge
in the Philippines
Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway (CCLEX)
Built using cantilevers extending from piers, supporting loads with
balance.
CANTILEVER BRIDGES
Currently holds the record for the
longest cantilever span ever built.
Quebec Bridge
Made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, providing durability and resistance
to weather.
Segmental bridges, box girder bridges
CONCRETE BRIDGES
Built with steel components, offering high strength-to-weight ratio and flexibility.
STEEL BRIDGES
Use a combination of materials, such as steel and concrete, to optimize strength
and cost.
COMPOSITE BRIDGES
Constructed from wood, typically used for short spans in rural areas
TIMBER BRIDGES
Designed to carry vehicular traffic on roads and highways
HIGHWAY BRIDGES
Designed to support railway loads, often using trusses for strength.
RAILWAY BRIDGES
located in Scotland
A UNESCO World Heritage Site and
one of the most famous railway
bridges in the world. Known for its
distinctive red steel structure and
cantilever design.
Forth Bridge
Designed for foot traffic, commonly seen in urban areas and parks.
PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES
longest pedestrian bridge in the
world is the ______ in Pakistan with a length of
365 meters.
Husseini Suspension
Bridge
first-ever glass pedestrian bridge in the world
Zhangjiajie Glass Bridge
Carry water over obstacles, such as valleys or roads.
AQUEDUCT BRIDGES
Roman aqueduct bridge and one of
the best-preserved examples from
antiquity.
This three-tiered bridge is not
only an engineering marvel but also
a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Pont du Gard
Lengths up to 15m
Typically simple beam or slab structures.
SHORT-SPAN BRIDGES
Lengths up to 15m to 100m
Include girder and arch bridges for longer road crossings.
MEDIUM-SPAN BRIDGES
Lengths over100m
Include cable-stayed and suspension bridges for large water crossings
LONG-SPAN BRIDGES
longest span bridge in the world
length
of 26.4 km
Jiaozhou Bay Bridge
Is a type of bridge that allows one road or pathway to pass over another, typically
without the need for a junction or intersection at ground level.
OVERPASS BRIDGE
The primary route (main road or railway) passes below another structure.
UNDERPASS BRIDGE
The portion of the bridge that carries
the load of traffic and transmits it to
the substructure.
Includes all components above the
bridge supports
SUPERSTRUCTURE
Enumerate superstructure
Deck
Girders/Beams
Slab
Parapet/Railing
Expansion Joint
Bearings
The part of the bridge that supports
the superstructure and transfers
loads to the foundation.
Includes all components below the
superstructure that hold up the
bridge.
SUBSTRUCTURE
Enumerate substructure
Piers
Abutment
Wing Walls
Pile Cap
Foundation
topmost part of the
bridge that directly supports and carries
vehicular, pedestrian, or railway traffic.
Deck
It consists of materials such as
reinforced concrete, steel, or timber
and often includes layers of
waterproofing and surface treatment
for durability and safety
Deck
supported by underlying
structural elements such as girders,
stringers, and diaphragms.
Deck
Provides a stable and smooth surface
for traffic movement.
Distributes loads to the supporting
structural components.
Serves as a protective layer for
structural elements below.
Allows for the integration of utilities such
as drainage, lighting, and signage.
Deck
large horizontal beams made
of steel or reinforced concrete that
support the bridge deck. They are placed
longitudinally along the bridge
GIRDERS
Provides primary support for the deck
and transfers loads to the piers or
abutments
Girder
Enhances the structural strength and
load-bearing capacity of the bridge.
Helps resist bending and shear forces
acting on the bridge.
Distributes loads evenly along the span
Girder
is a flat, horizontal element of
reinforced concrete placed directly on
girders or stringers. It forms the main
part of the deck and may include
reinforcement bars or prestressing
tendons for added strength.
Slab
Supports traffic loads and transmits
them to supporting elements below.
Provides a level and continuous surface
for vehicles or pedestrians.
Protects structural components from
environmental damage, such as water
infiltration.
Reduces deflections by distributing
loads evenly
Slab
is a protective barrier or railing
installed along the edges of the bridge
deck. It is typically made from reinforced
concrete, metal, or a combination of
both.
PARAPET (GUARDRAIL)
Provides safety for pedestrians and
vehicles by preventing falls.
Acts as a visual guide for traffic along
the edges of the bridge.
Reduces the effects of wind forces on
the bridge deck.
Can incorporate noise barriers or
decorative elements.
PARAPET (GUARDRAIL)
are flexible devices
placed at regular intervals along the
bridge deck to accommodate
movements caused by thermal
expansion, shrinkage, and other
dynamic forces.
EXPANSION JOINT
Prevents structural damage by
absorbing expansion and contraction
movements.
Reduces the risk of cracking due to
temperature changes.
Allows for smooth traffic flow without
jolts or bumps.
Ensures water tightness and prevents
water ingress into structural
components.
EXPANSION JOINT
are the end supports of a
bridge that provide vertical and lateral
support to the bridge superstructure and
retain the embankment.
ABUTMENTS
Transfers loads from the superstructure
to the foundation.
Provides stability by resisting lateral
earth pressure from the embankment.
Anchors the bridge and connects it to
the roadway.
Prevents soil erosion around the bridge
ends.
Abutment
are vertical supports located
between the abutments that provide
intermediate support for the bridge
deck.
Piers
Transfers the bridge’s weight and loads
to the ground.
Reduces the span length, improving
structural efficiency.
Provides stability against lateral forces
such as wind and seismic activity.
Acts as a support for both bending and
shear forces.
Piers
are mechanical devices
installed between the bridge deck and
piers or abutments to allow for
controlled movement and rotation.
Bearings
Allows for thermal expansion and
contraction of the bridge deck.
Reduces stress concentrations by
distributing loads evenly.
Enhances bridge durability by preventing
structural damage.
Provides flexibility and accommodates
seismic movements.
Bearings
is a thick, reinforced concrete
slab or block that rests on top of a group
of foundation piles, effectively tying
them together to distribute and transfer
loads from the bridge superstructure.
Pile cap
provides a stable platform
for piers or columns and helps evenly
distribute the structural loads to the
piles beneath it.
Pile cap
Ensures even distribution of loads
across multiple piles, preventing
overloading of individual piles.
Helps prevent differential settlement by
ensuring uniform load distribution to the
soil.
Helps resist bending moments, shear
forces, and horizontal loads transmitted
from the superstructure, such as wind,
seismic forces, and traffic loads.
Pile cap
The part of the bridge that transfers
loads to the underlying soil or rock.
Foundation
Provides stability by spreading loads to a
larger area.
Prevents settlement or tilting of the
bridge.
Enhances bridge durability by preventing
structural damage. Ensures the bridge
can support traffic loads without
deformation.
Foundations
Extensions of the abutments that
prevent soil from spilling onto the bridge.
WING WALLS
Retains earth behind the abutments.
Provides lateral stability.
Prevents erosion and protects the
embankments.
Wing walls
