Quiz 1 Flashcards
What are the three components of EBD?
-Best current scientific evidence
-Clinical expertise
-Patient’s values and preferences
What are the five A’s in order?
- Ask
- Access/acquire
- Appraise
- Apply
- Assess
What are the two levels of evidence sources?
Primary
Secondary
What are the ways primary evidence can be described?
-Experimental/non-experimental
-Prospective/retrospective
-Qualitative/quantitative
At least one test/experimental treatment or intervention and one control treatment (placebo or no treatment)
Randomized control trial
only the researcher knows whether the patient is receiving the treatment/intervention or the control
Single blind
neither the participants nor the researcher knows whether the patient is receiving the treatment/intervention or the control
Double blind
-Makes observations about the association of a particular exposure/risk factor and the subsequent disease or condition
-Participants are chosen on the basis of differences in their exposures
-Neither group currently has the disease or condition
Cohort studies
-Makes observations about possible associations between the disease of interest and one or more hypothesized risk factors
-Participants already have the disease/condition
Case control studies
establishes cause and effect through testing and reports the results in numerical/statistical terms
Quantitative
investigates the why and how, uses observation, interviews, focus groups, and consensus methods
Qualitative
What is the top of the hierarchy of evidence?
Secondary evidence
-Manages large quantities of literature on the same topic
-Follows a scientific technique
-Specific question
Systematic reviews
Combines the data from the individual studies and conducts an analysis of the pooled data
Meta-analysis
What does PICO stand for?
P - Patient/problem
I - Intervention
C - Comparison
O - Outcome
What is the only optional component to the PICO question?
Comparison
What are the three reasons formulating a good PICO is valuable?
-Compels clinician to focus on what patient believes is the most important issue
-Facilitates next step in EBDM
-Helps determine type of evidence
What part of PICO is this?
-Patient’s chief complaint or disease/condition that requires treatment or prevention
P - Patient/problem
What part of PICO is this?
-What new/main treatment option is being considered or what patient is asking about, which keeps the process patient centered
I - Intervention
What part of PICO is this?
-The second treatment or intervention option being considered
-Should be specific and limited to one alternative
C - Comparison
What part of PICO is this?
-The result(s) of what you plan to accomplish, improve, or affect
-It should solve the problem
O - Outcome
general knowledge questions
that ask who, what, when,
where, why, and how
Background questions
What serves as the basis for formulating clinical practice guidelines?
Systematic reviews
Meta-analysis
- Highest level
- Involve participants undergoing an intervention to evaluate its impact
- The researcher controls or manipulates the variables dose)
- Testing the effectiveness of a treatment against another treatment or placebo
- Most complex
Experimental or interventional studies
-Researcher does not give a treatment
or intervention
* Data is collected without control of the
variables
Non-experimental or observational studies
specific questions that are structured to find a precise answer and phrased to facilitate a computerized search
foreground questions
What are the four types of questions to ask with PICO?
-Therapy/Prevention
-Diagnosis
-Harm, etiology, causation
-Prognosis
