Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is an Atom?
Smallest unit of an element.
What is a Molecule?
Union of two or more atoms of the same or different element.
What is a Cell?
The structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
What is Tissue?
A group of similar cells that perform a particular function.
What is an Organ?
Made up of several types of tissue; composed of tissues functioning together.
What is an Organ System?
A group of organs working together to accomplish a common purpose.
What is a Species?
A group of similar, interbreeding organisms.
What is a Population?
Organisms of the same species in a particular area.
What is a Community?
Interacting populations in a particular area.
What is an Ecosystem?
A community plus the physical environment.
What is the Biosphere?
Regions of Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by living organisms.
What is an Organism?
Collections of organ systems.
What is Energy?
Capacity to do work.
What is Metabolism?
The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell or body.
What does Breakdown and Build Up refer to?
Examples include digesting food and healing after injury.
What is Photosynthesis?
Making energy using light.
Photo = light; Synthesis = to produce or make.
What is Homeostasis?
A constant internal environment; balance of the internal environment.
Example: keeping blood sugars within range.
What is a Gene?
A portion of or subset of the DNA molecule that carries the code for one specific protein.
What are Mutations?
Minor variations in the genes that can cause an organism to be better suited for its environment.
What is Culture?
Encompasses human activities and products passed on from one generation to the next outside of direct biological inheritance.
Only humans are considered to have culture, e.g., passing down traditions, religion, beliefs.
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
What characterizes Bacteria?
Bacteria can be good or bad.
What are the characteristics of Archaea?
Archaea are single-celled organisms.
What defines Eukarya?
Eukarya have nuclei, and the nucleus has a membrane around DNA.
What are the prokaryotic domains?
Bacteria and Archaea.
What are the four eukaryotic kingdoms?
Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.
What does the kingdom Protista include?
Algae, protozoans, slime molds, and water molds.
What does the kingdom Plantae include?
Certain algae, mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants.
What does the kingdom Fungi include?
Sponges and other fungi.
What is the scientific method?
A standard series of steps used in gaining new knowledge that is widely accepted among scientists.
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Observation.
What follows observation in the scientific method?
Hypothesis.
What are predictions in the scientific method?
‘If’ ‘then’ statements that use deductive reasoning.
What is an experiment in the scientific method?
A test to validate or invalidate the hypothesis.
What does it mean to reject or fail to reject the hypothesis?
We don’t always accept a hypothesis because we could be wrong or not enough experiments have been done.
What is a placebo?
A substance that looks like medication but contains no active ingredient.
What is the placebo effect?
Some people think they feel better when taking a placebo.
What is a double-blind study?
Neither the technician nor the participants know who is receiving the placebo or real treatment.
Who conducted a study on H. Pylori?
Dr. Warren and Dr. Marshall.
What did Dr. Warren and Dr. Marshall’s study find?
H. Pylori can cause gastrointestinal ulcers.
What is biodiversity?
Biodiversity represents the total number and relative abundance of species, the variability of their genes, and the different ecosystems in which they live.
Generally, more biodiversity is better for the environment.
What is an emerging disease?
An emerging disease is a disease that is relatively new to humans.
Example: Covid.
What is a reemerging disease?
A reemerging disease is not a big breakout in 20 years.
What is matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
What is an element?
An element cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means.
What are the 4 most common elements in living things?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that still retains the chemical and physical properties of the element.
What are the subatomic particles making up an atom?
- Proton (+)
- Neutron (No Charge)
- Electron (-)
Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
Protons and neutrons are in the middle of the nucleus.
Where are electrons located in an atom?
Electrons are outside of the nucleus.
What does the atomic number of an element tell us?
The atomic number tells us the identity of an element and equals the number of protons.
What is the mass number of an atom?
The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons.
Can atoms have the same mass numbers?
Some atoms can have the same mass numbers and some cannot.
What is another name for the uterus?
Womb is another name for the uterus, an organ in the lower belly (abdomen) or pelvis.
What are the three parts of the uterus?
The uterus has three parts: body, cervix, and fundus.
What is angioplasty?
Angioplasty is a procedure that can be done to treat blocked or narrowed arteries in many parts of the body.
Where can angioplasty be performed?
Angioplasty can be performed in the heart, brain, kidneys, legs, neck, and pelvis.
What does ‘buccal’ refer to?
Buccal relates to the cheek and inside the cheek.
What is a colposcopy?
Colposcopy is a procedure that a doctor does using a flexible tube called a colposcope to look inside the rectom
What is a craniotomy?
Craniotomy is a procedure done where a small piece of the skull is removed to access the brain.
What is cystoscopy?
Cystoscopy is a test that allows the healthcare provider to view the urinary tract.
What is cystitis?
Cystitis is a bladder infection that causes inflammation of the bladder.
What does Carp(0) refer to?
Carpel tunnel syndrome
What does Cephal(o) refer to?
Headache
What does Colp(o) refer to?
Colonoscopy
What does Crani(o) refer to?
Skull
What does Cyst(o) refer to?
Bladder
What does Cyto refer to?
Cell
What does Dactyl(o) refer to?
Finger or toes
What does Encephal(o) refer to?
Brain
What does Enter(o) refer to?
Intestines
What does Gloss(o) refer to?
Tongue
What does Hemo refer to?
Blood
What does Sanguin(o) refer to?
Blood
What does Hyster(o) refer to?
Uterus
What is a blood vessel?
A tube that carries blood throughout the body.
What is the arm?
A part of the body that extends from the shoulder to the fingers.
What is a cheek?
The soft, fleshy areas on the sides of the face, below the eyes and to the sides of the nose and mouth.
What is the heart?
A muscular organ in the chest that pumps blood through the body.
What is the wrist?
The joint that connects the forearm to the hand.
What is the head?
The upper part of the body that contains the brain, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and other sensory organs.
What is the vagina?
A tube that connects your vulva with the uterus.
What is the bladder?
A hollow, muscular organ in the lower abdomen that stores urine.
What are fingers?
Parts of the hand, which is a body part of the human body.
What is the toe?
The part at the end of the foot that helps with balance and walking.
What is the digestive system?
A complex organ system that controls many of the body’s functions related to digestion.
What is a radioisotope?
A radioisotope is an atom with an unstable nucleus that breaks down (decays) into lighter elements, releasing particles and/or energy in the process.
What is radioactivity?
Radioactivity is the particles and/or energy released when a radioisotope decays.
What is a molecule?
A molecule is made up of 2 or more atoms bonded together. Example O2(oxygen)
What is a compound?
A compound is a molecule containing 2 or more different elements.
Example: H2O, CO2
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding involves ions, which are atoms or pieces of molecules with a positive or negative charge.
Example: Table Salt (NaCl), Sodium Chloride
Are all isotopes radioactive?
No
– Same number of protons, but different number of neutrons
Space
– Atoms of an element with the same atomic number, but different mass number
What is a Cation?
When an ion is positively charged
What is an Anion?
Ion, that is negatively charged
What holds an ionic bond together?
The attraction of opposite charges
What are valence electrons?
The electrons in the outermost orbitals
What does covalent mean?
CO = together/with
What holds a covalent bond together?
Sharing valence electrons
Three molecules that have hydrogen bond
Water DNA proteins
POLAR
A molecule that has a partial positive
Hydrogen bonding
A partially positive hydrogen atom is attracted to a partially negative. Usually oxygen or nitrogen
What is Cytomegaly?
Cytomegaly refers to the enlargement of cells, often associated with viral infections.
What is Polydactyly?
Polydactyly, also known as hyperdactyly, is a common birth defect that causes a baby to be born with extra fingers or toes.
What is Encephalitis?
Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain, often due to infections that may be viral or bacterial.
What is Enteritis?
Enteritis is the inflammation of the small intestine, which can be caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infections.
What is the Glossopharyngeal nerve?
The Glossopharyngeal nerve controls the movement and sensation of the throat and tongue.
What does Hemolytic refer to?
Hemolytic refers to the breakdown of red blood cells.
What is Serosanguinous wound drainage?
Serosanguinous wound drainage is a type of fluid that is a mix of serum and blood.
What is a Hysterectomy?
A hysterectomy is a procedure to remove a woman’s uterus.
What does the prefix ‘Angio-‘ refer to?
The prefix ‘Angio-‘ refers to blood and lymphatic vessels.
What does the prefix ‘Vas(o)-‘ refer to?
The prefix ‘Vas(o)-‘ refers to vessels.
What does the prefix ‘Brachio-‘ mean?
The prefix ‘Brachio-‘ is a combining form that means ‘arm’ or ‘upper arm.’
What does the prefix ‘Bucc(o)-‘ mean?
The prefix ‘Bucc(o)-‘ means ‘cheek’ or ‘mouth.’
What does the prefix ‘Cardi(o)-‘ refer to?
The prefix ‘Cardi(o)-‘ refers to the heart.
