Quiz 1 Flashcards
Specificity
In patients WITHOUT the disease how often is the test accurate
Sensitivity
In patients WITH the disease how often is the test accurate
Specific gravity
Normal 1.010-1.030
Dehydration – below 1.010
Kidney Function Issues – above 1.030/below 1.007
Diabetes Insipidus – above 1.035
Acidity (pH)
high acidic/alkaline increase risks of kidney stones
Protein
kidney disease, HTN, cancer
Glucose
diabetes, liver or pancreas disease
Ketones
diabetes related ketoacidosis
Occult blood
bleeding in the urinary tract
Leukocyte esterase
inflammation in urinary tract, (UTI)
bilirubin
– liver or bile duck issues
Nitrite
bacteria (UTI)
Casts
protein in urine, type can cause kidney issues
CAT Scan
(computed tomography scan) is an imaging technique that uses x-ray techniques create a detailed image of the body. Can be used with or without contrast. Image is created by 2D image that takes many images of your body. CT scans are able to see structures that a Xray cannot such as body organs or tumors
MRI
a radiology study that use a magnetic field and radio waves to take pictures of the body. If a patient has a metal implant or pacemaker a MRI should be avoided.
X-ray
a form of electromagnetic radiation that can pass through solid objects to create an image. It is a study that if good to assess bone. Bone densitometry and mammogram are considered a Xray study.
Ultrasound
uses sound waves to create an image. Safe in pregnancy. Examples of ultrasound are carotid doppler or duplex study, echo or fetal US just to name a few
Nuclear Study
uses radioactive material introduced into the body to examine an organ and usually followed by x-rays or other imaging to create a picture such as a cardiac stress test or thyroid uptake scan
erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
a very nonspecific test. It can be elevated with many different conditions from osteoarthritis to cancer, to an autoimmune disease or to the common cold. A ESR is not used to diagnosis a disease. It can be used in conjunction with more definitive tests such as a RF that have higher sensitivities. An ESR can be used to monitor the course of a disease.
