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Dental Materials > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anything used to prevent trauma

A

Preventative/therapeutic materials

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2
Q

What are examples of Preventative/therapeutic materials?

A

Sealants
Mouth guards
Fluoride

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3
Q

Replace or restore tooth structure that’s been lost from disease or trauma

A

Restorative materials

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4
Q

What are examples of restorative materials?

A

Fillings
Crowns

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5
Q

Require 1 appointment - same day as discovery

A

Direct materials

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6
Q

Customized to tooth structure – sent to lab for creation – 2-3 appointments

A

Indirect materials

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7
Q

Meant to be used permanently

A

Permanent materials

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8
Q

Temporary, Used in meantime of tooth being prepared and restored

A

Intermediate materials

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9
Q

Fabricate restorations for restorative materials

A

Auxiliary materials

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10
Q

What are examples of auxiliary materials?

A

Wax
Alginate
Stone

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11
Q

What does biocompatibility aim to avoid?

A

 Post-op sensitivity
 Hypersensitivity
 Irritation
 Toxicity

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12
Q

pushing, pulling, twisting that goes on in mouth

A

Force (load)

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13
Q

pulling apart, open mouth

A

Tensile force

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14
Q

move towards each other, on top of each other, biting

A

Compressive force

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15
Q

front teeth used to bite into something, front teeth glide past each other

A

Shearing force

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16
Q

amount of change force produced in an object

A

Strain

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17
Q

twisting force, compressive & tensile

A

Torsion (torque)

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18
Q

compressive, tensile, & shearing force

A

Flexure (bending force)

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19
Q

What is Stress/resist force is measured in?

A

PSI
Mpa

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20
Q

energy needed to fracture material

A

Fracture toughness

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21
Q

Point of fracture

A

Ultimate strength

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22
Q

Energy needed to permanently deform material

A

Resilience

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23
Q

resulting fracture from repeated stress causing small flaws over time

A

Fatigue failure

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24
Q

small changes in shape form continuous compressive form

A

Creep

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25
Q

like creep; slow decrease in force over time

A

Stress relaxation

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26
Q

stress focused around defects

A

Stress concentration

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27
Q

What factors are associated with moisture and acid?

A

Solubility
Water sorption
Corrosion

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28
Q

phenomenon of electrical current transmission via electrolyte solution between two dissimilar metals

A

Galvanism

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29
Q

Stimulates tooth pulp

A

Galvanic shock

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30
Q

expanding with heat/contracting with cold

A

Dimensional change

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31
Q

measurement of change in volume/length in relation to temperature

A

Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)

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32
Q

repeated shrinking/expanding & oil fluids entering the gaps

A

Percolation

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33
Q

rate of heat flow through material over time

A

Thermal conductivity

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34
Q

chemical reaction that produces heat

A

Exothermic reaction

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35
Q

o Can affect longevity of restorations
o Fluids/microbes leak into interface causing recurrent caries, stain, sensitivity

A

Microleakage

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36
Q

Space between tooth and restoration

A

Interface

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37
Q

ability to maintain position without displacement under stress

38
Q

acid etch -> rough surface -> bonding materials lock into place

39
Q

What factors affect bond strength?

A

Wetting
Viscosity
Film thickness

40
Q

degree a liquid adhesive can spread over a surface

41
Q

What is wettability determined by?

A

by contact angle between liquid & surface

42
Q

What can affect wetting and film thickness?

43
Q

minimal thickness of materials

A

Film thickness

44
Q

dominant color

45
Q

Intensity of color

46
Q

Light vs. dark color

47
Q

strongest, involve sharing or transferring of electrons

A

Primary bond

48
Q

Two nonmetal atoms sharing outer shell electrons

A

Covalent bonds

49
Q

Electron given up by one atom and accepted by another

A

Ionic bonds

50
Q

Electrons shared by all atoms in the material

A

Metallic bonds

51
Q

Electrons unequally shared between atoms causing positive and negative charged ends

52
Q

Weakest attraction

53
Q

Stronger attraction than gas, weaker than solid

54
Q

Strongest attraction

55
Q

Order, specific arrangement (3D cube)

A

Crystalline solids

56
Q

Irregular patterns (dry ice, polymers)

A

Amorphous solids

57
Q

aid in identifying material, some do not melt or boil but decompose

A

Melting/boiling point

58
Q

measure of liquid’s tendency to evaporate (high vapor pressure evaporates faster at room temp.)

A

Vapor pressure

59
Q

amount/mass in a given volume

60
Q

resistance of a solid to wear and abrasion, measured by severity of indentation

61
Q

Ability of material to absorb energy without fracture

62
Q

Pulling or stretching under tensile stress

63
Q

Ability to handle compressive force

A

Malleability

64
Q

Ability of material to withstand damage due to pressure or wear

A

Durability

65
Q

Ability to withstand friction, scraping, or rubbing

A

Abrasion resistance

66
Q

non-permanent deformation and material recovers completely

A

Elasticity

67
Q

material does not return to original shape

A

Elastic limit

68
Q

permanent deformation

A

Plastic deformation

69
Q

measures resistance of material to being deformed

A

Young’s modulus

70
Q

Lack of elasticity

71
Q

Ionic bonds

72
Q

Long chains of repeating covalent bonds

73
Q

Made of 2+ different materials

A

Composites

74
Q

Not true solutions; mix of gases, liquids, solid

75
Q

2 liquids that do not blend

76
Q

How can restorations be detected?

A

Tactile sense
Light
Drying
Magnification
Radiographs

77
Q

What type of bond involves an atom giving up an electron?

A

Ionic bond

78
Q

What classification of dental materials are used to prevent disease and trauma to teeth and oral structures?

A

Preventative

79
Q

If a patient presents with gingival inflammation localized to an area where a PFM crown was recently placed, what is this called?

A

Biocompatibility

80
Q

What type of load involves forces moving away from one another to pull apart?

A

Tensile force

81
Q

What type of load involves compressive, tensile, and shearing forces that bend an object?

82
Q

What type of dental material can be described as two liquids that do not blend?

83
Q

What is the term that describes fluids or microorganisms penetrating the interface?

A

Microleakage

84
Q

What is the weakest atomic bond?

85
Q

A materials ability to maintain it’s position without displacement under force is called?

86
Q

During what time does hardening of material begin?

A

Working time

87
Q

The resistance of a liquid to flow is called?

88
Q

If a material is capable of handling compressive forces, it can be described as?

89
Q

What type of chemical reaction produces heat as part of the reaction?

A

Exothermic

90
Q

During which time must the operator achieve a homogenous mixture?

A

Mixing time

91
Q

What is the degree to which a liquid adhesive can spread over a surface?

Dental Materials (4 decks)

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