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finals itp quiz 1 > quiz 1 > Flashcards

quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

awareness of and ability to manage one’s own emotions, as well as the ability to be self- motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled

• Viewed as a powerful influence on success in life

A

Emotional Intelligence

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2
Q

conducted a longitudinal study that demonstrated that gifted children grow up to be successful adults, mostly

• criticized for a lack of objectivity, because became too involved in the lives of his “Termites”, even point of interfering on their behalf.

A

Terman Study

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3
Q

can vary from mild to profound

• Causes

Deprived environments

• Chromosome and genetic disorders

• Alcohol

• Dietary deficiencies

• Toxins in environment

A

Intellectual disability

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4
Q

intellectual developmental disorder): a person exhibits deficits in mental ability and adaptive behavior

A

Intellectual disability (

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5
Q

• IQ falls below 70
is severely deficient for a person of a particular chronological age

Formerly known as mental retardation or developmentally delayed

A

Adaptive Behavior

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6
Q

are generally valid for predicting academic success and job performance

• They also play an important role in neuropsychology

Useful for assessing and evaluating a variety of conditions and disorders

Head injuries

Learning disabilities

Neuropsychological disorders

A

Iq Test

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7
Q

the process of giving test to a large group of people that represents kind of people for whom the test is designed

• Norms: scores from the standardization group

• Most intelligence tests follow a normal curve

A

Standardization

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8
Q

the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people

A

Reliability

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9
Q

the degree to which a test actually measures what it’s supposed to measure

A

Validity

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10
Q

David Wechsler was first to devise series of tests for specific

age groups Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC ) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)

Assessments includes both verbal and nonverbal subtests to yield an overall score of intelligence and four index scores

Verbal comprehension.

Perceptual reasoning

• Working memory

Processing speed

A

The Wechsler Tests

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11
Q

originally used intelligence quotient, comparing mental age and

chronological age IQMA/CA x 100

• Allowed comparison across age groups up to about 16 years of age

Today: consistent with most other similar assessments, uses age- group comparison norms

A

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

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12
Q

Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory: frontal and parietal brain areas play the most important roles with regard to brain area and function

Researchers suggest other areas such as the posterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and specific subcortical areas also play critical roles

A

Neuroscience theories

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13
Q

Crystalized intelligence: represents acquired knowledge and skills

Fluid intelligence: problem solving and adaptability in unfamiliar situations

Other abilities include visual and auditory processing, memory, speed of processing, reaction time, quantitative skills and reading- writing skills

Suggested that CHC theory is most researched, empirically supported, and comprehensive

A

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory

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14
Q

there are three kinds of intelligences

Analytical intelligence: the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving

Creative intelligence: the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems

Practical intelligence: the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful; “street smarts”

A

Sternberg’s triarchic theory:

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15
Q

the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving

A

Analytical intelligence:

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16
Q

the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems

A

Creative intelligence

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17
Q

the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful; “street smarts”

A

Practical intelligence

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18
Q

believes reason, logic, and knowledge are different aspects of intelligences, along with several other abilities.

• Original list had seven different kinds of intelligence; later added two more

A

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences:

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19
Q

the ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems

Spearman’s Theory

g factor: the ability to reason and solve problems; general intelligence

s factor: the ability to excel in certain areas; specific intelligence

A

Intelligence

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20
Q

Generate as many ideas as possible in a short period of time without judging each idea’s merits until all ideas are recorded.

A

Brainstorming

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21
Q

Carry a journal to write down ideas as they occur, or use a note-taking or voice-recording app on your cell phone to capture those same ideas and thoughts.

A

Keeping a Journal

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22
Q

Write down or record everything that comes to mind about a topic without revising or proofreading until all of the information is written or recorded in some way. Organize it later.

A

freewriting

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23
Q

Start with a central idea and draw a “map” with lines from the center to other related ideas, forming a visual representation of the concepts and their ections.

A

Mind Mapping

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24
Q

the process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways

A

Creativity

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25
Q

having only one answer, and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to (converge on) that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic.

A

Convergent thinking

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26
Q

a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point ta kind of creativity)

A

Divergent thinking

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27
Q

block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objects only in terms of their typical functions

A

Functional fixedness

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28
Q

the tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past

A

Mental Set

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29
Q

the tendency to search for evidence that fits one’s beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs

A

Confirmation bias:

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30
Q

sudden perception of a solution to a problem “Aha!” moment

Problem may be recognized as similar to another previously solved, for example

Typically occurs when people think of other things

A

Insight

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31
Q

educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down possible solutions for a problem

Also known as a “rule of thumb”

Representative heuristic

Availability heuristic

Working backward

Subgoals

A

Heuristic

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32
Q

problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found

A

Trial and error (

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33
Q

very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems

• Will always result in a correct solution if one exists to be found, such as mathematical formulas

A

Algorithms

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34
Q

can be defined as mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is organizing and attempting to understand information and communicating information to others

A

Thinking

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35
Q

are mental representations that stand for ofrjects of events and have a picture like quality

A

mental images

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36
Q

are ideas that represent a class or category of events, objects, or activities

A

Concepts

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37
Q

Strict rules for defining

A

formal concept

38
Q

Developed through experience

A

Natural concepts

39
Q

is an example of a concept that closely matches the defining characteristics of that concept

A

Prototype

40
Q

a process of cognition that occurs when a goal must be reached by thinking and behaving in certain ways

A

Problem Solving

41
Q

a process of cognition that involves identifying, evaluating, and choosing among several alternatives

A

Decision Making

42
Q

problem-solving method in which one possible solution after another is tried until a successful one is found

A

Trial And Error

43
Q

are very specific, step-by-step procedures for solving certain types of problems.

A

Algorithms

44
Q

an educated guess based on prior experiences that helps narrow down the possible solutions for a problem; also known as a “rule of thumb

A

Heuristic

45
Q

an assumption that any object (or person) sharing characteristics with members of a particular category is also a member of that category.

A

Representativeness heuristic

46
Q

estimating the frequency or likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory or how easy it is for us to think of related examples.

A

Availability heuristic

47
Q

A useful heuristic that does work much of the time is to work backward from the goal

A

Working Backward

48
Q

breaking down a goal down into smaller steps to reach a solution.

A

Subgoals

49
Q

a block to problem solving that comes from thinking about objecte ins terms of only then typical functions

A

Functional Fixedness

50
Q

the tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past

A

Mental Set

51
Q

the tendency to search for evidence that fits one’s beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs

A

Confirmation bias

52
Q

process of solving problems by combining ideas or behavior in new ways,

A

creativity

53
Q

type of thinking in which a problem is seen as having only one answer and all lines of thinking will eventually lead to that single answer, using previous knowledge and logic

A

Convergent thinking

54
Q

type of thinking in which a person starts from one point and comes up with many different ideas or possibilities based on that point.

  1. Creative people are usually good at mental imagery and have knowledge of a wide range of topics, aren’t afraid to be different, value their independence, and are often unconventional in their work but not otherwise
A

Divergent Thinking

55
Q

is the ability to learn from one’s experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems

A

Intellgience

56
Q

the ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence, s factor the ability to excel in certain areas, or specific intelligence

A

Spearman’s g factor:

57
Q

proposes that there three kinds of intelligence

analytical, creative, and practical

A

Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence

58
Q

the ability to break problems down into component parts, or analysis, for problem solving

A

Analytic intelligence

59
Q

the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems.

A

Creative intelligence

60
Q

the ability to use information to get along in life and become successful.

A

Practical intelligence:

61
Q

number representing a measure of intelligence, resulting from the division of one’s mental age by one’s chronological age and then multiplying that quotient by 100

A

Intelligence quotient (IQ

62
Q

the tendency of a test to produce the same scores again and again each time it is given to the same people.

A

Reliability

63
Q

the degree to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure.

A

Validity

64
Q

type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of about 15.

A

Deviation IQs scores:

65
Q

is a condition in which a person’s behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age; may also be referred to as developmentally delayed. This condition was formerly known as mental retardation

A

. Intellectual disability

66
Q

category is the 2 percent of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above

A

gifted

67
Q

awareness of and ability to manage one’s own emotions to facilitate thinking and attain goals, as well as the ability to understand emotions in others

A

Emotional Intellgience

68
Q

is the degree to which the changes in some trait within a population can be considered to be due to genetic influences, the extent individual genetic differences affect individual differences in observed behavior, in IQ, proportion of change in IQ within a population that is caused by hereditary factors. Heritability of IQ is estimated st 50.

A

heritability

69
Q

condition in which being made aware of a negative performance stereotype interferes with the performance of someone that considers himself or herself part of that group

A

Stereotype threat

70
Q

is a system for combining symbols (such as words) so that an unlimited number of meaningful statements can be made for the purpose of communicating with others

A

Language

71
Q

system of rules governing the structure and use of a language.

A

grammar

72
Q

basic units of sound in a language.

A

Phonemas

73
Q

the smallest units of meaning within a language

A

Morphemes

74
Q

the system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences

A

Syntax

75
Q

the rules for determining the meaning of words and sentences.

A

Semantics

76
Q

aspects of language involving the practical ways of communicating with others, or the social “niceties” of language

A

Pragmatics

77
Q

Concepts precede and aid language development

A

Piaget

78
Q

Language aids cognitive development and behavior control.

A

Vygotsky

79
Q

the theory that thought processes and concepts ans controlled by language (eg. Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

A

Linguistic relativity hypothesis:

80
Q

theory that concepts are universal and influence the development of language (e.g., Rosch-Heider

A

Cognitive universalism,

81
Q

the ability to excel in certain areas,or specific intelligence

A

s factor

82
Q

Ability to control one’s body motions

A

Movement

83
Q

Sensitivity to others and understanding motivation of others

A

interpersonal

84
Q

Understanding of one’s emotions and how they guide actions

A

Intra personal

85
Q

Ability to recognize the patterns found in nature

A

Naturalist

86
Q

Ability to see the “big picture” of the human world by asking questions about life, death, and the ultimate reality of human existence

A

Existentialist (a candidate intelligence

87
Q

Ability to use language

A

Verbal/Linguistic

88
Q

Ability to compose and/or perform music

A

Musical

89
Q

Ability to think logically and to solve mathematical problems

A

Logical/mathematical

90
Q

Ability to understand how objects are oriented in space

A

Visual/Spatial

finals itp quiz 1 (2 decks)

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