Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is climate sensitivity?
It is the increase in the global mean temperature from pre-industrial levels if the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is doubled
How does higher climate sensitivity affect the carbon budget for the same degree target?
Higher climate sensitivity -> lower carbon budget
What is the atomic mass for C, O and CO2?
C = 12 amu
O = 16 amu
CO2 = 12+16*2 = 44 amu
Amu = atomic mass units.
Can be in GtCO2, depending on what we calculate
Calculate carbon budget from allowed emissions
Sum C = Allowed emissions [CO2] * (12 [C] /44 [CO2] ) = Carbon budget [ C]
Conversion gC/MJ to tC/TJ
1:1 conversion
1gC/MJ = 1tC/TJ
Hur konverteras 1kWh till MJ?
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ
Heat factor 3 i pump
1kWh_el / 3kWh_heat
Load factor
In thermal power plant. We can control the output to meet the demand.
(Capacity factor is for wind and solar. We have a capacity but it is not controlled by us)
Calculation between demand and primary energy
Primary energy * eta = demand
Demand = primary energy/ eta
Marginal electricity
Electricity generation technology that supplies additional (“marginal”) amount of demand
Average electricity
Mix of all electricity generation technology in a system over a certain amount of time, typically a year
Cap-and-trade
Emissions above cap have to be offset or purchased. Emissions below cap can be traded
Cap- and trade sets the quantity of emission reductions and lets the market determine the price
Carbon tax
Sets the price of carbon dioxide emissions and allows the market to determine the quantity of emission reductions
Price elasticity
Change in quantity demanded / change in price
Epsilon
Price elasticity
Epsilon = (dQ/Q) / (dP/P)
For small changes
Epsilon = (Q_final - Q_initial)/Q / (P_final-P_initial)/P
