Quiz 1 Flashcards
A benchmark, measurement, or calculation used as a basis for comparison
Baseline
An uncontrolled observational (descriptive) report of events and outcomes in a single case
Case study
An observational study in which a sample of participants is followed over time in an effort to determine the factors leading to different outcomes
Cohort study
For a certain value of a variable in a sample, this is a range of values within which the value of that variable in the population is thought to lie with a specified probability
Confidence interval
A study involving a comparison (control) group
Controlled study
A study of a single sample at one point in time in an effort to understand the relationships among variables in the sample
Cross-sectional study
A statistical measure of the size of a relationship that is being investigated
Effect size
The extent to which an intervention produces favorable outcomes under usual or everyday conditions
Effectiveness
The extent to which an intervention produces favorable outcomes under ideally controlled conditions
Efficacy
The integration of (a) clinical expertise, (b) current best evidence, and (c) client values to provide high-quality services reflecting the interests, values, needs, and choices of the individuals served
Evidence-based practice
A study in which the investigator actively manipulates (alters) one or more variables in order to contrast the experimental and control conditions
Experimental study
The number of new cases of a condition occurring in a population over a specified period of time
Incidence
A specialized form of systematic review in which the results from several studies are summarized using a statistical technique to yield a single weighted estimate of their findings
Meta-analysis
The proportion of people with a finding or disease in a given population at a given time
Prevalence
A study in which people are assigned at random (by chance alone) to receive one of several treatment conditions, including the experimental treatment and either a different type of treatment or no treatment
Randomized controlled trial
This type of experimental design allows researchers to closely examine specific changes in each participant. Each participant serves as their own control (i.e., compared to themselves) and researchers measure the outcome or dependent variable repeatedly across phases (e.g., baseline phase, intervention phase, withdrawal phase).
Single-subject designs
The extent to which a measurement instrument yields consistent, stable, and uniform results over repeated observations or measurements under the same conditions each time
Reliability
A summary of the scientific literature in which explicit methods are used to perform a comprehensive search and critical appraisal of individual studies
Systematic review
The degree to which a measurement, an inference, or a conclusion is likely to be true and free of systematic error
Validity
What is a systematic process (scientific method) to collect data for new knowledge that will add to the generalizable knowledge of the public?
Research
A systematic process where you start with an observation, ask a question, make a hypothesis, plan experimental design/protocol, collect data, analyze data, make a conclusion, publish/present results, implement an intervention.
Scientific method
What is the research process?
Research proposal -> research experiment -> conclusion and present/publish findings
What is included in EBP?
- clinical expertise
- evidence (internal and external)
- client perspective
Evidence gathered systematically from the client/patient during sessions
internal evidence
