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Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is archaeology?

A

The study of human lifeways, culture, and materials

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2
Q

How is archaeology classified?

A

As a science and a type of anthropology

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3
Q

What is the difference between an archaeologist and a collector?

A

A collector gathers artifacts to sell or for personal gain but archaeologists collect artifacts for the sake of knowledge

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4
Q

Why is archaeology a science?

A

The scientific method is used

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5
Q

What is the scientific method?

A
  1. Indentification of research problems
  2. Theoretical basis for research
  3. Hypotheses
  4. Test implications
  5. Confirmation
  6. Testability
  7. Explanation
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6
Q

What are the goals of archaeology?

A
  1. Studying culture history
  2. Reconstructing past lifeways
  3. Explaining culture change
  4. Making archaeology relevant to the present
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7
Q

What is the prehistoric subfield?

A

Before written records

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8
Q

What is the historic subfield?

A

In addition to texts

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9
Q

What is the classical archaeology?

A

Using written sources, architecture, and art

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10
Q

What is the underwater archaeology?

A

Waterlogged sites or artifacts with special techniques

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11
Q

What do ceramic analysts look at?

A

Ceramics and pottery

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12
Q

What do lithic analysts look at?

A

Stone tools

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13
Q

What do metallurgists look at?

A

Metal production

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14
Q

What do architecture analysts look at?

A

Landscape and buildings

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15
Q

What do bioarchaeologists look at?

A

Human remains, adaptations, and growth

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16
Q

What do paleoethnobotanists look at?

A

Plant remains, plants that were traded, and impacted economic species

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17
Q

What do zooarchaeologists look at?

A

Animal bones and human interactions

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18
Q

What do geoarchaeologists look at?

A

Human environments

19
Q

What do geographic information systems do?

A

Spatial distribution and artifacts

20
Q

What does epigraphy do?

A

Ancient writing systems

21
Q

What do ethnoarchaeologists look at?

A

Interacting with living culture

22
Q

How do you find a site?

A
  1. Luck
  2. Pedestrian survey
  3. Local knowledge
  4. Historical documents
  5. Aerial photography
23
Q

What brings artifacts to the surface?

A
  1. Plowing farmed areas
  2. Animal burrows
  3. Tree falls
24
Q

What is context?

A

It is the use and information behind the artifact being collected

25
Q

What is remote sensing?

A

A method of collecting artifacts without changing the context

26
Q

What are the common remote sensing methods?

A
  1. Aerial photography
  2. Ground penetrating radar
  3. Magnetometry
  4. Light Detection and Ranging
27
Q

What is excavation?

A

Precisely recorded and controlled areas with coordinates that preserve the context

28
Q

What is stratigraphy?

A

A method of analyzing the layers where the upper layers are new and the bottom layers are old

29
Q

What is the difference between artifacts and ecofacts?

A

Artifacts are man made but ecofacts are natural

30
Q

What is relative dating?

A

The date of an artifact with reference to something else

31
Q

What is absolute dating?

A

When you provide an artifact with a specific calendar date

32
Q

What does stratigraphy tell us?

A

As the Law of Superposition states the older layers are on the bottom while the newer layers are on top

33
Q

What does seriation tell us?

A

Organizes relative dates based on morphological order and by categorizing it and then organizing it by time

34
Q

What do written records and coins tell us?

A

Tells us the history and the coins can tell us the leader and time frame

35
Q

What does dendrochronology tell us?

A

Using the tree rings as a form of measurement where each ring is 1 year, the thinner ring represents a dry year, and the thicker rings represent a rainy year

36
Q

What does radiocarbon dating tell us?

A

Using the half life of carbon 14 of 5,730 years to determine the time frame

37
Q

What are the assumptions for seriation?

A

The distribution of a historical type through time is continuous

38
Q

What do you need for dendrochronology to occur?

A
  1. Outermost ring
  2. Established a relationship between the dated and target events
39
Q

Where did the earliest point of farming begin?

A

Southwest Asia

40
Q

What are the advantages of food production?

A
  • Steady
  • Select desirable foods
  • Pleantiful
  • Increases sedentism
  • Geographic expansion
41
Q

What are the disadvantages of food production?

A
  • Workload
  • Creating an attractive resource for your enemies
  • Danger to small lands of food sources
42
Q

What was the architecture in the Catalhoyuk society?

A

To walk on roofs

43
Q

What is the fertile crescent?

A

The crescent near the middle east where the environment is wet and enables growth

44
Q
A

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