Quiz 1

Question 1

What is (4) ideas relating to the evidence of evolution

Answer 1

-fossil records
-comparative anatomy
-Biochemical evidence
-Embryology

Question 2

Describe the survival of the fittest:

Answer 2

Organisms that are better adapted to their environment are best suited to survive and successfully reproduce.

Question 3

Plato + Aristotle

Answer 3

Believed that all life existed in a perfected and unchanging form (2000)

Question 4

Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle

Answer 4

• humans and apes. (C.A.)
• earth was older than 6000 years.

Question 5

George Cuvier

Answer 5

-after the catastrophe, those alive would populate the world
-Dinos
-Each stratum had a unique group of fossil species

Question 6

Lyell

Answer 6

-reject evolution
-geological changes=slow + continuous

Question 7

Why was Lamarck wrong? What thories? (dogs ears) (scars)

Answer 7

-Theory of need
-Theory of use + disuse
-Theory of acquired traits

Question 8

Lamark: Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Answer 8

-Changes during life to adapt to their environment, pass to offspring

Question 9

Lamark proposed: (part of his theory)

Answer 9

That acquired characteristics were inheritable

Question 10

Theory of natural selection

Answer 10

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes

Question 11

Describe the types of environmental pressures faced by living organisms.

Answer 11

-competition
-predators
-disease

Question 12

What is genetic mutation? (peppered moths)

Answer 12

Change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different

Question 13

Speciation?

Answer 13

A group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics.

Question 14

Can mutations be bad and good? give 2 examples:

Answer 14

Bad: Sheep without a uterus (won’t pass)
Good: cheeta born faster

Question 15

Mutations can be caused by 2 things, which are what?

Answer 15

-Environment (chemicals)
-spontaneous mistakes

Question 16

Methods of Speciation: Transformation

Answer 16

A new species gradually develops as a result of mutations & adaptations to changing environmental conditions

(mammoth)

Question 17

Methods of Speciation: DIVERGENCE

Answer 17

-One or more species arise from a parent species
-Horse and rhinos (nail)

Question 18

Allopatric Speciation (reproduction)
location

Answer 18

-Organisms can no longer get together physically
-changes in mating tactics or use of their habitat

Question 19

Sympatric Speciation (behaviour)

Answer 19

-Populations that breed at different times of the year
-Change in niche or mating preference

Question 20

What are some GEOGRAPHICAL BARRIERS

Answer 20

Mountains - lakes

Question 21

GRADUALISM:

Answer 21

Change takes place in a steady, linear way- Gradually

Question 22

PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM (moth)

Answer 22

Very short, rapid periods of change followed by long periods of stability

Question 23

adaptative selection example:

Answer 23

peppered moth (quick change)

Question 24

Carbon Dating

Answer 24

determine the age of organic materials

Question 25

Analogous Features + example

Answer 25

Features of different species that are similar in function but not structure.

Wings of butter flies + birds

Question 26

Vestigial Features + example

Answer 26

Features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution.

-Human appendix or tailbone or wisdom teeth

Question 27

Homologous Features + example

Answer 27

Similar physical features in organisms, though the features serve completely different functions.

-A dolphins flipper, a cats leg, a birds wing, and a human arm -they all have similar positions + # of bones

Question 28

Biogeography

Answer 28

distribution of plants, animals, and other types of life.

Question 29

Biological Evolution:

Answer 29

any change in the heritable traits within a population across generations