Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is (4) ideas relating to the evidence of evolution
-fossil records
-comparative anatomy
-Biochemical evidence
-Embryology
Describe the survival of the fittest:
Organisms that are better adapted to their environment are best suited to survive and successfully reproduce.
Plato + Aristotle
Believed that all life existed in a perfected and unchanging form (2000)
Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle
- humans and apes. (C.A.)
- earth was older than 6000 years.
George Cuvier
-after the catastrophe, those alive would populate the world
-Dinos
-Each stratum had a unique group of fossil species
Lyell
-reject evolution
-geological changes=slow + continuous
Why was Lamarck wrong? What thories? (dogs ears) (scars)
-Theory of need
-Theory of use + disuse
-Theory of acquired traits
Lamark: Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics
-Changes during life to adapt to their environment, pass to offspring
Lamark proposed: (part of his theory)
That acquired characteristics were inheritable
Theory of natural selection
Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes
Describe the types of environmental pressures faced by living organisms.
-competition
-predators
-disease
What is genetic mutation? (peppered moths)
Change to a gene’s DNA sequence to produce something different
Speciation?
A group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics.
Can mutations be bad and good? give 2 examples:
Bad: Sheep without a uterus (won’t pass)
Good: cheeta born faster
Mutations can be caused by 2 things, which are what?
-Environment (chemicals)
-spontaneous mistakes
Methods of Speciation: Transformation
A new species gradually develops as a result of mutations & adaptations to changing environmental conditions
(mammoth)
Methods of Speciation: DIVERGENCE
-One or more species arise from a parent species
-Horse and rhinos (nail)
Allopatric Speciation (reproduction)
location
-Organisms can no longer get together physically
-changes in mating tactics or use of their habitat
Sympatric Speciation (behaviour)
-Populations that breed at different times of the year
-Change in niche or mating preference
What are some GEOGRAPHICAL BARRIERS
Mountains - lakes
GRADUALISM:
Change takes place in a steady, linear way- Gradually
PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM (moth)
Very short, rapid periods of change followed by long periods of stability
adaptative selection example:
peppered moth (quick change)
Carbon Dating
determine the age of organic materials
Analogous Features + example
Features of different species that are similar in function but not structure.
Wings of butter flies + birds
Vestigial Features + example
Features of an organism that are considered to have lost much or all of their original function through evolution.
-Human appendix or tailbone or wisdom teeth
Homologous Features + example
Similar physical features in organisms, though the features serve completely different functions.
-A dolphins flipper, a cats leg, a birds wing, and a human arm -they all have similar positions + # of bones
Biogeography
distribution of plants, animals, and other types of life.
Biological Evolution:
any change in the heritable traits within a population across generations
