Quiz 1

Question 1

What is a Speech chain?

Answer 1

The speech chain represents the nature of communicating a linguistic message via the vocal-audition apparatus.

Question 2

How does a speech chain work for the speaker?

Answer 2

1. Speaker sees image/ have a thought of what needs to be said.
2. Speaker has to find words from mental lexicon to describe image.
3. Speaker needs to put words in grammatical order.
4. Speaker has to translate words into instructions for pronunciation.
5. Speaker then relays image to listener.

Question 3

How does the speech train work for the listener?

Answer 3

1. Listener has to hear sounds.
2. Listener has to identify/discriminate speech sounds.
3. Listener has to recognize the words that those sounds make up.
4. Listener has to figure out the structure of phrase/sentence.

Question 4

What are acoustics?

Answer 4

The physical properties of sound.

Question 5

What is audition?

Answer 5

The process of sound transduction in the ear.

Question 6

What is production?

Answer 6

The physical process of producing sounds.

Question 7

What is perception?

Answer 7

The psychological process of speech reception.

Question 8

What is mass and its units?

Answer 8

The amount of matter in an object, measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg)

Question 9

What is force and its units?

Answer 9

An influence on an object that causes a change in speed, direction, or shape. Measured in newtons.

Question 10

What is weight?

Answer 10

The force of gravity on an object.

Question 11

What is volume and its units?

Answer 11

The quantity of space occupied by a liquid, gas, or solid object. Units are liters (l) or cubic centimeters (cc)

Question 12

What is density and its units?

Answer 12

Mass/volume. *Units are g/cm3, kg/m3, g/ml

Question 13

What is speed and its units?

Answer 13

Distance travelled in a given time. Units are m/s

Question 14

What is velocity and its units?

Answer 14

Same as speed but a direction of movement is also specified

Question 15

What is inertia and its units

Answer 15

The resistance of an object to change in its motion or rest. Units are grams(g)

Question 16

What is acceleration and it units?

Answer 16

When velocity changes as a function of time. Acceleration is directly proportional to force and inversely proportional to mass. Units are (a).

Question 17

What is the equation for force

Answer 17

Force = Mass x Acceleration (F = ma)

Question 18

What is the equation for acceleration?

Answer 18

Acceleration = Force ፥ Mass ( a = F/m)

Question 19

What is pressure and its units?

Answer 19

force acting perpendicularly on an area. Unit is pascals (Pa), cm of H20 (amount of pressure to displace column of water one cm). Pressure can also be described as the ratio of Force to Area.

Question 19

What is the equation for pressure?

Answer 19

Pressure = Force P = Fn
Area A

Question 19

What are pressures above Patm called?

Answer 19

Positive pressure

Question 19

What is Patm?

Answer 19

Patm is atmospheric pressure and is generally measured at sea level = 101.325 kPa ~ 14.7 psi (pounds per square inch).

Question 20

What are pressures below Patm called?

Answer 20

Negative pressure

Question 20

What is sound?

Answer 20

Changes in air pressure that results from some sort of disturbance, a vibration.

Question 20

How is sound produced?

Answer 20

Sound is produced when something moves/changes in the air pressure. When something moves vibrations are produced. This provides the brain with information about what is making the sound.

Question 21

What happens to the air when sound is produced.

Answer 21

The air is being moved when sounds are made. The air molecules are pushed (like dominos) until the are right near your ear. (Sound requires air, it acts as a medium)

Question 22

What is Brownian motion?

Answer 22

The random movement displayed by small particles that are suspended in Fluids.

Question 23

How do molecules move when sound is made?

Answer 23

They move in Brownian motion and collide with each other and other objects at a relatively constant pressure.

Question 24

What happens when molecules collide in a back and forth manner.

Answer 24

They are colliding in REGULAR FASHION. It is considered structured and would be bear the sound of a note.

Question 25

What is airflow?

Answer 25

When air moves from an area high pressure to an area of low pressure in order to equalize → driving pressure.

Question 26

When does air move?

Answer 26

Only when there is pressure differential between areas.

Question 27

Is there still airflow if there is no difference in pressure between the two areas?

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What is flow?

Answer 28

The movement of air, measured in volume/time (e.g., l/s).

Question 29

What is the rate of flow called?

Answer 29

Volume Velocity

Question 30

What are the two types of airflow?

Answer 30

laminar flow and Turbulent flow

Question 31

What is laminar flow?

Answer 31

Where there is no obstruction of molecules (this is really not relevant for speech purposes)

Question 32

What is turbulent flow?

Answer 32

Where something obstructs the flow (think, ridges in the mouth, your lips, teeth, etc.). Turbulent flow results in small pressure changes around the obstruction.