Quiz 1 Flashcards
Does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs outline 5 levels of human needs that motivate behaviour?
Yes
What is the most basic need of the hierarchy?
Physiological needs
Without Physiological needs would the human body be able to operate properly?
No
Where does the focus shift after physiological needs are met?
Safety and security
What is the third need of the hierarchy?
Love and belongingness
What does esteem needs involve?
Respect from others, and a sense of accomplishment
What is the highest need that is required to be met to reach optimal behaviour?
Self-actualisation
Is self-actualisation the desire to achieve personal goals, creativity, and realising one’s abilities?
Yes
What does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs suggest?
People are motivated to fulfil lower-level needs before progressing to higher levels. However, individuals can move around the hierarchy depending on life circumstances
Are good human relations and workplace effectiveness essential for fostering a productive and positive workforce?
Yes
State two reasons why good human relations and positive relationships are important
Improved communication, and increased motivation/morale
Can effective human relations enhance collaboration and teamwork?
Yes
How does good human relations skills help conflict resolution?
Employees know how to avoid escalating the situation ay further
What kind of workplace would cause better employee retention?
A positive workplace culture
Can supportive relationships continue to foster personal growth and development?
Yes
Who create the human relations theory?
Elton Mayo
What are the 4 elements of the Human Relations Theory?
Focus on employee needs, importance of communication, social environment at work, and job satisfaction and motivation
Who is Mary Parker Follet?
She introduced several contributions which have led more effective management. She mainly focused on finding new ways to deal with leadership, conflict resolution, and organisational behaviour
Name 8 of her key contributions
“Power with” instead of “power over”
Integration as a conflict resolution method
Importance of human relations
Decentralised control and participation
Circular response (reciprocal influence)
Leadership as a dynamic process
“Law of the Situation”
Community and Organisations
What does the “power with” instead of “power over” mean?
Collaborating with employees rather than dominating them
Did using integration as a conflict resolution model mean opposing parties coming together to create a win-win solution?
Yes
What does circular response (reciprocal influence) mean?
Managers and employees continually influence each other, rather than a one-way direction of authority
What does the “law of the situation” mean?
Decisions and actions should be based on the specific situation at hand, rather than rigid rules or hierarchial authority
What kind of decision-making approach is evidence-based management?
Uses the best available evidence to guide managerial actions and strategies
May even high quality evidence need to be adapted to suit the specific needs of the organisation?
Yes
Is the evidence used in evidence-based management tested in empirical research?
Yes
Why did behavioural viewpoint emerge?
Due to classical management theories not understanding the importance of human behaviour and social factors in the workplace
What are the three phases of behavioural viewpoint?
Early behaviourism, human relations and movement, behavioural science approach
What did early behaviourism contribute?
Individual differences influence work performance, and emphasised understanding worker behaviour and role of psychology on improving productivity
What did the human relations movement find?
Social factors, such as employee recognition and attention from management had a greater effect on productivity than physical working conditions
What is the behavioural science approach?
Applied research-based, scientific methods to understand and improve workplace behaviour
What does contingency viewpoint mean?
There is no single best way to manage an organisation, as it depends on the specific circumstances that an organisation faces
Is contingency viewpoint associated with all parts of an organisation being interdependent?
Yes
What is the Hawthorne effect phenomenon?
Where individuals modify their behaviour in response to being observed or receiving attention form others
Where did the study take place?
Western Electric Hawthorne Works
Is Peter Drucker often considered the father of modern management?
Yes
Was Drucker the first person to treat management as a distinct discipline, separate from other business functions?
Yes
What is management by objectives (MBO)?
Emphasises the importance of setting clear, measurable goals for both managers and employees
Did Drucker recognise knowledge workers?
Yes
State two other contributions that Drucker discovered
Decentralisation and empowerment, and the concept of the corporation
How did Drucker believe organisations needed to measure success?
On outcomes and impacts on stakeholders, rather than by the amount of effort used
Did Drucker believe that innovation is a big part of a company’s survival?
Yes
Why did Drucker think that non-profit organisations were so important?
Because he believed they had a vital role in addressing social challenges
Did Drucker believe that managers should focus on what’s best for the organisation as a whole rather than just individual departments?
Yes
Did Drucker encourage strategic thinking?
Yes
What does the behavioural science approach involve?
Emphasises understanding human behaviour within organisations
Does the behavioural science approach recognise that humans are not solely motivated by monetary incentives?
Yes
What are the two theories associated with understanding what drives employee satisfaction and performance?
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs, and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Does it determine that participative management and democratic leadership as ways to enhance employee engagement?
Yes
Does this approach highlight the importance of communication?
Yes
Does this approach believe group work improves morale and productivity
Yes
When using this approach how are smooth transitions made?
Through developing strategies to manage resistance and change
What are subsystems?
Smaller, interdependent parts or components of a larger system
Does a subsystem contribute to the overall functioning of the whole system?
Yes
Do subsystems have to work together?
Yes
Are subsystems permeable?
Yes
