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Dental Anatomy > Quiz #1 > Flashcards

Quiz #1 Flashcards

1
Q

When do you get primary dentition?

A

6 months - 2 years

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2
Q

When do you get permanent dentition?

A

Adulthood

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3
Q

How many primary dentition are there?

A

20:
- 10 maxillary
- 10 mandibular

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4
Q

How many permanent dentition are there?

A

32:
- 16 maxillary
- 16 mandibular

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4
Q

How many teeth does each quadrant have in primary dentition and what are they?

A

5 teeth/quadrant
- 2 Incisors
- 1 Canine
- 2 Molars

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5
Q

How many teeth does each quadrant have in permanent dentition and what are they?

A

8 teeth/quadrant:
- 2 Incisors
- 1 Canine
- 2 Premolars
- 3 Molars

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6
Q

Which teeth are anterior teeth?

A

Incisors and canines

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7
Q

Which teeth are posterior teeth?

A

Premolars and molars

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8
Q

What are the three main systems used in modern dentistry for naming teeth?

A
  1. Universal numbering system
  2. Palmer notation system
  3. International Numbering System
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9
Q

Describe the Universal numbering system for permanent teeth.

A

1-32
maxillary: 1-16 (R -> L)
mandibular: 17-32 (L -> R)

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10
Q

Describe the International numbering system for primary dentition.

A

Composed of 2 digits:
- first for quadrant (5-8)
- second for tooth number (1-5)
UR=5 | UL=6 | LL=7 | LR=8

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10
Q

Describe the Universal numbering system for primary dentition.

A

A-T (letters are used instead)
maxillary: A -> J
mandibular: K -> T

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11
Q

Describe the Palmer notation system for permanent dentition.

A

Brackets are used to describe the quadrants
8 teeth/quadrant
1 -> 8 from midline out to back

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12
Q

Describe the Palmer notation system for primary dentition.

A

Brackets are used to describe the quadrants
5 teeth/quadrant
Letters are used instead of numbers
A -> E from midline out to back

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13
Q

Describe the International numbering system for permanent dentition.

A

Composed of 2 digits:
- first for quadrant (1-4)
- second for tooth number (1-8)
UR=1 | UL=2 | LL=3 | LR=4

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14
Q

What are class traits?

A

Distinguish between class of tooth (incisor, canine, premolar, molar)

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15
Q

What are the trait categories?

A
  1. Set traits
  2. Arch traits
  3. Class traits
  4. Type traits
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15
Q

What are type traits?

A

Distinguish between type of tooth within the same class (1st molar vs 2nd molar)

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16
Q

What are arch traits?

A

Distinguish between maxillary or mandibular

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17
Q

What are set traits?

A

Distinguish between primary or permanent dentition

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18
Q

Where does enamel develop from?

A

Ectoderm

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19
Q

What are the tissues of the tooth?

A
  1. enamel
  2. dentine
  3. cementum
  4. pulp
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20
Q

Describe enamel

A

outer surface of crown
hardest substance in body
white/shiny
highly calcified and inorganic

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21
Q

What is enamel the product of?

A

Ameloblast cells

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22
Q

What is the percentage composition of enamel?

A

95% hydroxyapatite
1% organic matter
4% water

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22
Q

Where does dentine develop from?

A

Mesoderm

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23
Q

What is dentine the product of?

A

Odontoblast cells

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23
Q

Describe dentine

A

in crown and root
surrounds pulp
yellowish
not visible
calcified and inorganic

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24
Q

What is the percentage composition of dentine?

A

70% hydroxyapatite
18% organic matter
12% water

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24
Q

What is cementum the product of?

A

Cementoblast cells

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25
Q

Where did cementum develop from?

A

Mesoderm

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25
Q

Describe cementum

A

external layer of the anatomical root
dull yellow color
hard as bone
calcified and inorganic

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26
Q

What is the percentage composition of cementum?

A

65% hydroxyapatite
23% organic matter
12% water

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27
Q

Describe pulp

A

located in pulp chamber and rooth canal
surrounded by dentin (except at apical foramen)
not calcified
soft

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28
Q

What is the Cementodentinal Junction (CDJ)?

A

inner surface of cementum lining the root visible in cross section
where cementum of anatomical root meets dentin of inside of anatomical root
inside root

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28
Q

Where does pulp develop from?

A

Mesoderm

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28
Q

What are the junctions of the tooth?

A
  1. Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)
  2. Dentinoenamel Junction (DEJ)
  3. Cementodentinal Junction (CDJ)
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29
Q

What is the Dentinoenamel Junction (DEJ)?

A

inner surface of enamel cap
not typically seen
where dentin of the inner crown meets enamel of the outer crown
inside crown

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30
Q

What is the Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)?

A

junction where anatomical crown meets anatomical root
where cementum meets enamel

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30
Q

What is the clinical root?

A

Any part of tooth that is not visible in mouth

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30
Q

What is the anatomic root?

A

Covered with cementum

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31
Q

What is the anatomic crown?

A

Covered with enamel

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31
Q

What is the cingulum?

A

Enlargment or bulge on cervical third of the lingual surface of the crown of anterior teeth

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32
Q

What is the clinical crown?

A

Any part of the tooth visible in mouth

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33
Q

What is the incisal ridge?

A

cutting surface or edge of anterior teeth

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33
Q

What are the tooth surfaces?

A
  1. facial/labial/buccal surface
  2. lingual/palatal surface
  3. proximal surface
  4. mesial surface
  5. distal surface
  6. occlusal surface
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34
Q

Which tooth has a cusp tip rather than incisal edge?

A

Canines

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34
Q

What are the divisions of the root?

A

Top (Gum)
1. Cervical 3rd
2. Middle 3rd
3. Apical 3rd
Bottom (Bottom of root)

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34
Q

What is the cusp tip?

A

point/peak on chewing surface of premolar/molar

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35
Q

What is the cusp slopes?

A

Ridges that are inclined surfaces that form an angle at cusp tip

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36
Q

What are the divisions of the crown?

A

Top (Crown)
1. Incisal/occlusal 3rd
2. Middle 3rd
3. Cervical 3rd
Bottom (Gum)

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37
Q

What does cervico-incisally mean?

A

Vertically from incisal edge to cervical line

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37
Q

What are the ridges of the crown?

A
  1. Labial ridge
  2. Buccal ridge
  3. Cervical ridge
  4. Marginal ridge
  5. Triangular ridge
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38
Q

What is the labial ridge?

A

Ridge running cervico-incisally in center of canines

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39
Q

What is the buccal ridge?

A

Ridge running cervico-incisally in center of premolars

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40
Q

What is the cervical ridge?

A

Ridge running mesiodistally on cervical third of buccal surface of permanent molars and primary teeth

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41
Q

What is the marginal ridge?

A

The mesial and distal border of the lingual/occlusal surface

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42
Q

What does mesiodistally mean?

A

Horizontally from mesial to distal surface

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43
Q

What is the triangular ridge?

A

ridge from any cusp tip to the center of the occlusal surface

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44
Q

What is made of connecting triangular ridges?

A

Transverse ridge

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44
Q

Where is the triangular ridge located?

A

on the occlusal surface of posterior teeth

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45
Q

What is a transverse ridge?

A

ridge crossing occlusal surface in B-L direction
straight across from B –> L

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46
Q

What is an oblique ridge?

A

ridge formed by mesiolingual and distobuccal cusps
diagonal across central groove from B –> L

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47
Q

Where can you find an oblique ridge?

A

Only on maxillary molars

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48
Q

What is a fissure?

A

found at depth of developmental groove

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48
Q

What is the ridge formed by mesiolingual and distobuccal cusps

A

oblique ridge

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49
Q

What is a developmental groove?

A

defined narrow linear depression
separates lobes or major portions of a tooth

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50
Q

What is a supplemental groove?

A

small grooves that are irregularly placed not a junctions of lobes or significant portions of the teeth

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50
Q

What are pits?

A

Deep impressions at the depths of fossa where two or more grooves join together

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51
Q

When do the mandibular first molars erupt?

A

6-7 years old

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51
Q

What is the fossa?

A

Depression or hollow found on lingual/occlusal surfaces of teeth

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52
Q

When do the maxillary first molars erupt?

A

6-7 years old

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53
Q

When do the maxillary second molars erupt?

A

12-13 years old

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54
Q

When do the mandibular second molars erpt?

A

11-13 years old

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55
Q

When do the maxillary third molars erupt?

A

17-21 years old

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56
Q

When do the mandibular third molars erupt?

A

17-21 years old

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57
Q

How many lobes does the maxillary first molar have?

A

4-5

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58
Q

How many lobes does the maxillary second molar have?

A

3-4

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59
Q

How many lobes does the mandibular first molar have?

A

5

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60
Q

Which teeth are the most susceptible to caries?

A

posterior permanent teeth

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61
Q

How many lobes does the mandibular second molar have?

A

4

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62
Q

What is the general function of molars?

A
  • mastication
  • chewing
  • grinding
  • nearest to TMJ and acts a fulcrum for function
  • esthetic by keeping cheeks full
  • VDO
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63
Q

What is VDO?

A

Vertical dimension of occlusion
height of the lower third face during maximum intercuspation

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64
Q

What are point references during VDO?

A

Nose and chin

65
Q

What happens when a patient has loss of VDO?

A
  • Prematurely aged appearance
  • protruding chin
66
Q

What are the largest/strongest teeth in the arch?

A

First molars

66
Q

Describe first molars

A
  • largest/strongest teeth in arch
  • centered in quadrant
67
Q

What results from the loss of a molar?

A

Spontaneous drifting
less chewing surface
tissue may become damaged

67
Q

Molars are wider ____________ than ___________.

A
  1. mesio-distally
  2. occluso-cervically
67
Q

What results in TMJ problems?

A

The loss of 6+ molars

68
Q

Maxillary molars make up __% of the mesio-distal dimension of their quadrant.

A

44%

68
Q

Molar crowns taper to the __________. (L/B?)

A

lingual

69
Q

Mandibular molars make up __% of the mesio-distal dimension of their quadrant.

A

51%

70
Q

Molars are shorter ___________ than ____________.

A
  1. occluso-cervically
  2. mesio-distally
71
Q

Molar crowns are narrower on the ________ (L/B) surface than the ___________ surface (L/B).

A
  1. lingual
  2. buccal
71
Q

Molar crowns have a ____________ and ____________ taper.

A

Lingual
Distal

71
Q

Molar crowns taper ________. (M/D)

A

Distally

72
Q

What is the exception to the lingual molar crown taper?

A

Maxillary first molars
- taper towards the buccal

73
Q

Describe a maxillary molar

A
  • facio-lingual wider than mesio-distal
  • BL > MD
  • more square/rhomboid/parallelogram
74
Q

What is the Cusp of Carabelli?

A

Fifth cusp of the maxillary 1st molar

74
Q

Which molar is the Cusp of Carabelli found on and where is it?

A

Maxillary 1st molar
On lingual of ML cusp
On side of occlusal table

74
Q

Describe mandibular molars.

A
  • mesio-distal wider than facio-lingual
  • MD > BL
  • more rectangular or pentagon shaped
75
Q

Each cusp has one __________________.

A

Triangular ridge

75
Q

What ridges belongs to the ML cusp of the maxillary molars?

A
  1. mesial triangular ridge
  2. distal triangular ridge
76
Q

What is the function of the occlusal table?

A

grinding surface of the teeth that help break down food

77
Q

What are the 4-5 cusps of maxillary molars?

A
  1. Mesiolingual cusp (largest)
  2. Mesiobuccal cusp
  3. Distobuccal cusp
  4. Distolingual cusp
  5. Cusp of Carabelli
78
Q

What is the longest and largest cusp on the maxillary molars?

A

Mesio-lingual cusp

79
Q

Which ridges form the oblique ridge?

A

ML to DB triangular ridges

80
Q

What are the 4-5 mandibular cusps?

A

1.1. Mesiolingual cusp (largest)
2. Mesiobuccal cusp
3. Distobuccal cusp
4. Distolingual cusp
5. Distal

81
Q

What is the order of mandibular cusps from biggest to smallest?

A

ML>DL>MB>DB>D

81
Q

What is the order of maxillary cusps from biggest to smallest?

A

ML>MB>DB>DL>Fifth cusp

82
Q

Where are the cusps of the mandibular molars?

A

all on the occlusal table

83
Q

Distal contact is more ____________ than mesial.

A

Cervical (closer to gum line)

83
Q

What is contact area?

A

Where two proximal teeth touch

84
Q

Where is the mesial contact area for molars?

A

At or near junction of occlusal/middle third

85
Q

Where is the distal contact area for molars?

A

Middle third

86
Q

What is the height of contours?

A

The area of greatest circumference on a tooth’s facial and lingual surfaces

87
Q

Where is the facial height of contour?

A

In the cervical third

88
Q

Where is the lingual height of contour?

A

In the middle third

89
Q

When asking about contact area, which surfaces of the tooth are being discussed?

A

Proximal surfaces
- mesial
- distal

90
Q

When asking about height of contour, which surfaces of the tooth are being discussed?

A
  • facial
  • lingual
91
Q

All mandibular ________ have __________ tilt, relative to ____________.

A
  1. crowns
  2. lingual
  3. roots
92
Q

What is the order of length for maxillary molar roots?

A

Palatal>MB>DB

93
Q

What is an arch trait of all molars?

A

Lingual tilt of crown relative to root trunk

94
Q

How many roots do the maxillary molars have?

A

3 Roots:
1. Mesiobuccal
2. Distobuccal
3. Lingual/Palatal

95
Q

How many roots do the mandibular molars have?

A

Two roots:
1. Mesial
2. Distal

96
Q

Describe third molars

A
  • wisdom teeth
  • last teeth to erupt
  • may not be in function
  • may cause crowding
  • decay easily
  • misalignment may compromise dentition
97
Q

The _______ root is slightly longer than the _______ root of the mandibular molars.

A
  1. Mesial
  2. Distal
98
Q

Which molars have no tooth in proximal contact with the distal surface?

A

Third molars

99
Q

__% of the population is missing 3rd molars.

A

20%

100
Q

_______(first/second) molars are smaller than the ________ (first/second) molars.

A
  1. second
  2. first
101
Q

Maxillary 1st/2nd molar crown is often tipped _______ on the root trunk.

A

distally

101
Q

1st molars are broader ________ than the 2nd molar near the junction of the _______ and _______ third.

A
  1. mesial-distally
  2. occlusal
  3. middle
102
Q

Height of crown on _______ shorter than height of crown on ______ for maxillary 1st and 2nd molars

A
  1. distal
  2. mesial
103
Q

Which groove separates the fifth cusp from the mesio-lingual cusp?

A

Fifth cusp groove

104
Q

Which molars posses a transverse ridge?

A

1st and 2nd

105
Q

The oblique ridge runs from the ________ to the __________ cusp

A
  1. mesiolingual cusp
  2. distobuccal cusp
106
Q

An oblique ridge is a(n) _________ trait.

A

arch
only MAXILLARY arch has it

107
Q

2nd molars have a smaller and less prominent oblique ridge. This is an example of a(n) __________ trait.

A

Type
- distinguishes 1st from 2nd molar

108
Q

What are the fossa for 4-cusp molars?

A
  1. mesial triangular fossa
  2. central fossa
  3. distal triangular fossa
  4. distal fossa
109
Q

What are the 5 major grooves of 4-cusp molars?

A
  1. central groove
  2. buccal groove
  3. distal oblique groove
  4. lingual groove
  5. transverse groove of oblique ridge
110
Q

The ____________ groove continues into the lingual groove.

A

distal oblique

111
Q

What is the difference between the 4-cusped 2nd molar and the 3-cusped 2nd molar?

A

3-cusped molar does not have DL cusp

111
Q

What are the two types of maxillary 2nd molars?

A
  1. 4-cusped version
  2. 3-cusped version
112
Q

Which fossa is absent on a three-cusp molar?

A

Distal fossa

113
Q

How many fossae are there are 4-cusped molars?

A

4

114
Q

What are the two major grooves of 3-cusped molars?

A
  1. buccal groove
  2. central groove
115
Q

What are marginal ridge grooves?

A

common on mesial than distal
more common on first than second molars

115
Q

What is the lingual grooth

A

between 2 lingual cusps
groove on lingual surface
has pit on the end

116
Q

What is the buccal groove?

A

between buccal cusps on buccal surface
to middle third of the crown

117
Q

Tubercles are found on what ridges?

A

marginal

118
Q

What are tubercles?

A

Projections of enamel

119
Q

Which molars are tubercles found on?

A

first molars

120
Q

What are furcations?

A

place on multirooted teeth where root trunk divides into its separate roots

121
Q

How many roots does the maxillary 1st and 2nd molars have? What are these called?

A

3 roots
trifurcation

122
Q

Where are furcations located? Which junction?

A

junction of the cervical and middle thirds of the roots

123
Q

How many cusps do first molars have?

A

5

124
Q

How many cusps do second molars have?

A

4

125
Q

In general, the two ________ (M/D) cusps are larger than the two ___________ (M/D) cusps.

A
  1. Mesial
  2. Distal
126
Q

First molars have a _____ shape.

A

pentagon

127
Q

Second molars have a _________ shape.

A

Rectangular

128
Q

____________ (L/B) cusps are taller than the _____________ (L/B).

A
  1. lingual
  2. buccal
129
Q

Mesial transverse ridge are formed by ___ and ____ triangular ridges.

A
  1. MB
  2. ML
    mesial cusps
130
Q

Distal transverse ridge are formed by ___ and ____ triangular ridges.

A
  1. DB
  2. DL
    ** distal cusps **
131
Q

Which type of tooth has the largest mesio-distal dimension of any tooth (maxillary or mandible)?

A

Mandibular 1st molar

131
Q

How many buccal cusps do mandibular 1st molars have?

A

3 (MB/DB/D)

132
Q

How many buccal cusps do mandibular 2nd molars have?

A

2 (MB/DB

133
Q

There is proportionally more tapering of the crown from contact areas to the cervical line one first molars than second molars because of the ______________.

A

bulge of the distal cusp

134
Q

The height of contour is more prominent on _________ molars than ___________ molars.

A
  1. second
  2. first
135
Q

On 2nd molars, the ___ cusp is usually wider mesio-distally than the ___ cusp.

A
  1. MB
  2. DB
136
Q

The mesiolingual cusp is usually longer and wider than the ____________ cusp.

A

Distolingual

137
Q

The _______ (1st/2nd) molar has a more zigzag shape than the other.

A

1st

138
Q

The mesiobuccal groove separates the _____ and the _________ cusp of the first molar.

A
  1. mesiobuccal
  2. distobuccal
138
Q

The distobuccal groove separates the ______ cusp from the _______ cusp of the first molar.

A

distobuccal
distal

139
Q

Buccal groove separates the ______ cusp from the _______ cusp of the second molar

A

MB
DB

140
Q

Which groove of the first and second molars is unlikely to be carious?

A

Lingual groove

141
Q

The __________ of both first and second molars slopes occlusal from buccal to lingual.

A

Mesial CEJ

142
Q

The ________ is nearly straight.

A

distal cervical line

143
Q

True or false?
The CEJ is nearly straight across the buccal surface on mandibular first and second molars.

A

True

144
Q

How many maxillary incisors?

A

4:
- 2 central
- 2 lateral

145
Q

How many mandibular incisors?

A

4:
- 2 central
- 2 lateral

146
Q

Smile zone

A

Anterior teeth that are noticeable when missing

147
Q

What is in ideal dentition?

A
  • proximal surfaces
  • central incisors have two mesial surfaces next to each other
148
Q

What is it called when proximal surfaces are not touching and space exists?

A

Diastema

149
Q

How many surfaces do incisors have?

A

5:
facial/labial
lingual
mesial
distal
incisal

149
Q

Anterior teeth form from ____ lobes.

A

4

150
Q

What are the three rounded elevations on the incisal edge called?

A

mamelons

151
Q

True or false:
Mamelons are seen on both children and adults.

A

False

152
Q

What are the horizontal lines on the facial surface of crown?

A

Perikymata

153
Q

Incisors appear rectangular. This is an example of a ________ trait.

A

Class

154
Q

The crown of which tooth is the longest of all human crowns?

A

Maxillary central incisor

155
Q

Lateral incisors are narrower at cervical line. This is an example of a __________ trait.

A

Type

156
Q

The _____________ angle is slightly rounded and nearly a 90 degree angle.

A

mesial-incisal

156
Q

The _______ is more rounded and somewhat obtuse.

A

Distal-incisal

157
Q

The incisal edge slopes ___________ towards the distal.

A

Cervically

158
Q

What are labial depressions?

A

Depression in labial surface of incisors

159
Q

Mesial contact area of maxillary central incisor is in the _________ third.

A

incisal

160
Q

Distal contact area of maxillary central incisor near the junction of _____ and _____ thirds.

A

Incisal
middle

161
Q

__________ contact is more cervical than the ____________ for maxillary central incisors EXCEPT FOR: __________________

A

distal
mesial

maxillary laterals

162
Q

The distal contact of the maxillary laterals is in the ___________ third.

A

middle

162
Q

The mesial contact of the maxillary laterals is in the ___________ third.

A

incisal

163
Q

True or false
Mandibular central incisors have the mesial and distal contact at the same level in incisal third.

A

TRUE

164
Q

Mandibular lateral incisors have the _______ contact more cervical than the _________ contact

A

distal
mesial

165
Q

The lingual cingulum is more centered for the _________ maxillary incisors compared to the _________ maxillary incisors.

A

lateral
central

166
Q

What is the height of contour measuring for central and lateral maxillary incisors?

A

facial AND lingual in cervical third

167
Q

Lingual height of contour is _________ and ________ (_-shaped)

A

convex
concave
(s-shaped)

168
Q

The ______ of the incisal ridge corresponds to the curvature of the mandibular arch.

A

twist

169
Q

What are some arch traits of mandibular incisors?

A
  1. smaller than maxillary
  2. nearly same size
  3. central incisors are symmetrical
  4. contact areas located near incisal ridge
  5. smoother lingual surfaces than maxillary
  6. roots are longer than centrals
  7. have incisal edge on or lingual to the root axis

Dental Anatomy (1 decks)

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