QUIZ #1 Flashcards
What is chemistry often referred to as and why?
Chemistry has been called the “central science” because it is important to so many other fields of scientific study.
What is the definition of chemistry?
Chemistry is the branch of science concerned with the properties, composition, and structure of substances and the changes they undergo when they combine or react under specified conditions.
What are some of the importance of chemistry in our daily lives?
- It provides men the basic necessities in life like shelter, food and clothing.
- It provides men luxuries in life like convenient transportation, advance and fast means of communication, use of computers, use of cosmetics, perfumes, etc.
- Researchers in chemistry help improve the synthesis of chemicals needed to combat disease such as antibiotics, anesthetics, antiseptics, hormones and others.
- It explains the composition of major classes of foods and their nutritional values
- It helps in the advancement of scientific and technological studies like telecommunication systems and computer studies.
- It enhances the awareness on how the body works and on the chemical changes that occur within the body system.
- It leads to the discovery of organophosphorus pesticides which along with other pesticides reduce crop losses.
What are the branches of chemistry?
- Inorganic Chemistry - the study of all the elements and their compounds with the exception of carbon and its compounds investigates the characteristics of substances that are not organic, such as nonliving matter and minerals found in the earth’s crust.
- Organic Chemistry - Branch of chemistry dealing with compounds of carbon.
- Analytical Chemistry - This kind of chemistry deals mostly with the composition of substances. Collection of techniques that allows exact laboratory examination of a given sample of material.
- Chemists perform qualitative analysis or substances in a sample & quantitative analysis for the amount of each substance.
Qualitative Chemistry - the atoms and molecules present are identified, with particular attention to trace elements.
Quantitative Chemistry - the exact weight of each constituent is obtained as well. - Biochemistry - encompasses the study of the chemical nature of living material and of the chemical transformations that occur within it. A science that is concerned with the composition and changes in the formation of living species. This type of chemistry utilizes the concepts of organic and physical chemistry to make the world of living organisms seem much clearer.
- Physical Chemistry - is concerned with the physical properties of materials, such as their electrical and magnetic behavior and their interaction with electromagnetic fields. This chemistry is defined as dealing with the relations between the physical properties of substances and their chemical formations along with their changes.
What are the steps of the scientific method based on the module?
- Purpose/Question
- Research
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Data/Analysis
- Conclusion
What are the steps of the scientific method based on the discussion?
- Observation
- Hypothesis/Model
- Experiment
- Analyze Data
- Conclusion
What are some facts about aluminum?
- In the 19th century, aluminum is rare and precious metal
- Pure aluminum never occurs in nature
- Found in Bauxite, an ore
- Its common use is the collaboration between chemistry and engineer
Example Sentence: Aluminum is widely used in the aerospace industry for its lightweight and durable properties.
What are the key points in the history of chemistry during the Prehistoric Era?
The history of chemistry started when people stated to use of fire, cook food and baked pottery, production of wine and use of cosmetics
What are the key points in the history of chemistry during the Greek Civilization?
• Thales assumed that all matter was derived from water
• Democritus said the ATOM is the simplest unit of matter
• Empedocles said that all matter was composed of four elements: fire, air, water, and earth.
• Aristotle described the four qualities were found in nature: heat, cold, moisture, and dryness.
What are the key points in the history of chemistry during the Beginning of Christian Era - End of 17th Century?
• Alchemists attempted to transmute cheap metals to gold. This is the precursor of Chemistry.
• Paracelsus – Auroleus Phillipus Theostratus Bombastus von Hohenheim. Searched for medicine to cure sickness. He was credited with the introduction of opium and mercury into the arsenal of medicine. His works also indicate an advanced knowledge of the science and principles of magnetism. The precursor of chemical pharmacology and therapeutics and the most original medical thinker of the sixteenth century.
• Galileo – introduced accurate measurements
• Robert Boyle - disproved Aristotle’s four elements theory “Skeptical Chemist”. He conceptualized the Boyle’s Law.
What are the key points in the history of chemistry during the End of 17th Century-Mid 19th Century?
• George Ernst Stahl – Phlogiston theory
• Joseph Priestley - Isolated oxygen by heating mercuric oxide
• Jan Baptista van Helmont - kinds of air-like materials “gas” Carbon Dioxide
• Antoine Lavoisier - He disproved the phlogiston theory. He is the Father of modern chemistry.
• Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov - Lomonosov rejected the phlogiston theory, and anticipated the kinetic theory of gases. Lomonosov was the
Example Sentence: Antoine Lavoisier’s experiments laid the foundation for modern chemistry.
Ernst Stahl’s contribution to chemistry
Phlogiston theory
Joseph Priestley’s discovery
Isolated oxygen by heating mercuric oxide
Jan Baptista van Helmont’s discovery
Discovered kinds of air-like materials ‘gas’ including Carbon Dioxide
Antoine Lavoisier’s contribution to chemistry
Disproved the phlogiston theory. Known as the Father of modern chemistry
