Quiz 1

Question 1

What is the underlying message when focusing only on fluency?

Answer 1

Nobody is completely fluent - it is like striving for perfection. Can be hurtful to those who stutter

Question 2

When does stuttering usually begin?

Answer 2

Between 2-6 years. Many children go through stuttering phases for less than 6 months.

Question 3

What are some micro aggressive comments that are harmful?

Answer 3

1. Compliment giving (you sounded so good, you didn’t stutter)
2. Advice giving (take a deep breath and slow down)
3. De-validating lived experience of stuttering (I don’t notice that you stutter, it’s not a big deal)
   Have empathy!

Question 4

Definition of stuttering:

Answer 4

A disruption in the flow of speaking characterized by repetitions
(sounds, syllables, words, phrases), prolongations, blocks,
interjections, and/or revisions. These disfluencies may be
accompanied by physical tension, negative reactions, secondary
behaviors, and avoidance of sounds, words, or speaking situations.

Question 5

Top 6 risk factors for persistence of stuttering:

Answer 5

-family history of stuttering (genetic component)
-male
-poor phonological or articulation abilities
-higher percentage of stuttering disfluencies
-poor receptive/expressive language skills
-stuttering for more than 6 months

Question 6

Prevalence of stuttering:

Answer 6

1% of adult population, 3 million in US, 60 million worldwide

Question 7

Characteristics of cluttering:

Answer 7

a perceived rapid and/or
irregular speech rate, atypical
pauses, maze behaviors,
pragmatic issues, decreased
awareness of fluency problems
or moments of disfluency,
excessive disfluencies,
collapsing or omitting syllables,
and language formulation
issues, which result in
breakdowns in speech clarity
and/or fluency

Question 8

Stutter like disfluency characteristics:

Answer 8

-Sound or syllable repetitions
-Prolongations
-Blocks

Question 9

Non-stutter like disfluency characteristics:

Answer 9

-Multisyllabic whole-word and phrase repetitions
-Interjections
-Revisions
*Amount by itself is not decisive

Question 10

Etiology of stuttering:

Answer 10

Multifactorial:
-Neurophysiology
-Genetics
-Environment
-Demands/capacities
-Temperament/personality

Question 11

Normal disfluency

Answer 11

10 or fewer disfluencies, one unit repetitions, mostly repetitions interjections and revisions.
No secondary behaviors. No concerns. Stresses of speech language and psychosocial development.

Question 12

Borderline disfluency

Answer 12

11 or more disfluencies per 100 words, more than 2 units in repetitions, more repetitions and prolongations that revisions or interjections. No secondary behaviors. Generally no concerns, some frustration. Stresses of speech/language and psychosocial development interacting with constitutional predisposition.