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Radiology Clerkship > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What changes need to be made for digital vs film?

A

Adjust the contrast

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2
Q

Put these in order or most to least radiopacity (most opaque to least opaque)

a. bone
b. gas
c. fat.
d. metal
e. soft tissue

A

metal–>bone–>soft tissue–> fat–> gas

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3
Q

What is attenuation?

A

reduction of x-ray intensity as it passes through matter (air is low attenuation and metal is high attenuation)

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4
Q

What is the Max total body does or Max accumulative dose

A

5000 mREM

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5
Q

Is energy directly or inversely proportional to kVp?

A

directly proportional
high kVp=high energy

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6
Q

Summation opacity

A

two or more objects are overlapping resulting in more intense radiopacity

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7
Q

How do you calculate MAS?

A

mA multiplied by the time of exposure (mA x time (msex) = mAs

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8
Q

what is the inverse square law?

A

doubling the distance from the source will reduce the exposure by 1/4, more exposure makes the image darker

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9
Q

increased collumination ___________(increases/decreases) scatter radiation and ____________ (increases/decreases) beam restriction

A

INCREASES scatter radiation
DECREASES the beam restriction

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10
Q

decreased collumination ___________(increases/decreases) scatter radiation and ____________ (increases/decreases) beam restriction

A

DECREASES scatter radiation
INCREASES the beam restriction

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11
Q

More anatomy in the image will have __________(increased/decreased) scatter radiation

A

INCREASED scatter radiation

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12
Q

Small focal areas will have ________(sharp/blurry) images with ________(increased/decreased) resolution.

A

SHARP images
INCREASED resolution

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13
Q

What will increasing the mAs (primary) do to the quality of the image?

A

INCREASES quantity of X-rays which increases the total number of x-rays generated

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the grid?

A

Reduce the number of scatter photons which will increase the quality No affect on personnel exposure

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15
Q

What metal are the aprons made out of?

A

LEAD (Pb2+)
no bear hands

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16
Q

distance and exposure are _________(directly/inversely) proportional

A

INVERSELY
increased distance will decrease exposure

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17
Q

How would you get the beam to penetrate [lol] better?

A

Increase the KVP

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18
Q

What part fo the cell is targeted by radiation?

A

Nuclear DNA

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19
Q

What type of tissue is most radiosensitive?

A

rapidly dividing cells ex: late term fetus.

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20
Q

What tool turns poor contrast into good contrast? i.e. increase the quality

A

Use of the grid

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21
Q

what is border efacement?

A

same opacity right next to each other with loss of border

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22
Q

What is foreshortening and what is it caused by?

A

the image appears squished together. it is caused by geometric distortion

ex: limbs are really prone to this

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23
Q

What is geometric distortion?

A

an unwanted “warping” of the image that distorts the spatial relationship among objects in the image.

This is foreshortening which is commonly seen in the limbs.

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24
Q

What would you do in a Great Dane vs a mini poodle?

A

multiple shots of a Great Dane and adjust collumination based on size of patient and the area being imaged

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25
Q

What is the weight threshold to take the the plate out?

A

less than 10lbs

26
Q

If the subject is further away from the tube, what happens to the image?

A

the image is magnified. This is the principle of magnification

27
Q

Which vertebrae begins the anticlinal trend?

A

T11

28
Q

What are the navicular surfaces?

A

a flexor and articular surface, a proximal and distal border, and a medial and lateral extremity.

29
Q

Where is the aconeal process?

A

on the end of the ulna, goes into the capitulum

30
Q

where is the olecranon?

A

it is the elbow process, its the thing that sticks out of the elbow

31
Q

How many tarsal bones do horses have?

A

equine: 6 tarsal bones, some are fused

32
Q

How many tarsal bones do carnivores have?

A

carnivore: 7 tarsal bones

33
Q

Does the ischium or ileum cause the obturator foramen?

A

ischium

34
Q

What do sesamoid bones appear as but are not?

A

Chip fractures, they are not chip fractures

35
Q

what part fo the bone is the diaphysis?

A

the long portion of the bone

36
Q

what part of the bone is the metaphysis?

A

growth plate between epiphysis and diaphysis

37
Q

What part of the bone is the epiphysis?

A

the ends of the bone

38
Q

What are the attachments of the the scapula?

A

I dunno look it up

39
Q

Why does gravity matter with abdominal radiographs?

A

Gas opacity, gas rises. manipulating that will help localize obstructions

40
Q

In L Lat, if gas rises right…

A

pylorus is inflated (foreign body)

41
Q

in R LAT, gas rises to left

A

fundus inflated (GDV)

42
Q

Which bone is not seen in DMPLO?

A

accessory carpal bone NOT DMPLO

43
Q

Which bone is seen in DLPMO

A

accessory carpal IN DLPMO

44
Q

Where does the biceps attach to on the scapula?

A

supraglenoid process

45
Q

What vertebrae may appear to look like an OSA because of the diaphragm attachment?

A

L3-L4

the diaphragm makes it appear mottled

46
Q

What is the kidney/SI size ratio in a canine?

A

2.5-3.5x the length of L2

47
Q

what is the kidney/SI size ratio in the feline?

A

2x the width of L2

48
Q

what are the signs of obstruction?

A

two populations of bowel

49
Q

Do you know the clock face analogy?

A

no? well then maybe you should look it up on VIN

50
Q

what is the positioning of veins in the thorax?

A

ventral and central mf

51
Q

What opacity do bronchi have?

A

gas opacity

52
Q

Which lung is on the table in a L Lat

A

left lung! which mean that the right lung is up. Think about how this can help with localizing a lesion

53
Q

What are the lung lobes of the right lung?

A

cranial, middle and caudal

54
Q

what are the lung lobes fo the left lung?

A

cranial and caudal

55
Q

where would you see aspiration pneumonia in the lungs?

A

right middle lung lobe

56
Q

where would you see the accessory lung lobe on a R lateral

A

just caudal to the heart and ventral to caudal Vena Cava

57
Q

What is contained in the mediastinum?

A

the heart
great vessels
esophagus
trachea
phrenic and cardiac nerves
thoracic duct
thymus (if present)
lymph nodes (cranial mediastinal lnn, tracheobroncial lnn,

tbh I am not sold on this information

PA
PV

58
Q

What are the radiographically visible parts of the mediastinum?

A

cranial mediastinum at base of heart
caudal mediastinal reflection at he apex of heart

59
Q

If an organ is on the left side in a left lateral. Is the organ smaller or larger and why?

A

the organ is smaller as it is closer to the plate (i.e on the table)

60
Q

in what arrangement should the arteries, bronchus and veins be in a radiograph?

A

Artery
Bronchus
V (central and ventral)

61
Q

How will the patient position change the position of the crus of the diaphragm?

A

the side down, that crus translates cranially (ex; R lat patient, R crus translated cranially)

62
Q

How will the position of the patient change the position of the Caudal Vena Cava?

A

the side down, Cd VC translates cranially (ex; R lat patient, Cd Vena Cava translated cranially)

Radiology Clerkship (1 decks)

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