Quiz 1

Question 1

Steps to scientific method

Answer 1

Observation + curiosity, Hypothesis, experiment, contribute to body of knowledge, hypothesis becomes theory or observation becomes law

Question 2

Observation:

Answer 2

A natural phenomenon that is noticed and recorded

Question 3

Hypothesis:

Answer 3

Preliminary explanation of observed phenomena that guides future experiments

Question 4

Experiment

Answer 4

Test of hypothesis

Question 5

Law

Answer 5

Summary of natural behavior build from numerous observations over long times that can be used to predict future events reliably (the WHAT)

Question 6

Theory

Answer 6

Comprehensive explanation of a natural process that is based on many experiments and whose conclusions can be tested. (the WHY)

Question 7

Genetic Alphabet

Answer 7

Adenine, Cystosine, Guanine, Thymine

Question 8

Base Pairs

Answer 8

A-T, G-C

Question 9

DNA structure

Answer 9

Strands- linear polymer composed of monomers, each with a sugar ring
attached to 1 of 4 nucleobases and a phosphate linking sugars together.

Question 10

Genetic Code

Answer 10

DNA transcribed to RNA
RNA translated to protein

Question 11

CRISPR

Answer 11

Used to find and target mutated DNA strands, uses guide molecules to find DNA, and enzyme cuts off target DBA and a healthy DNA strand is put in.

Question 12

Half-Life

Answer 12

T1/2, time it takes for 1/2 of a given amount of reactant to be consumed in a chemical reaction.
H-L of DNA = 521 years (about 22 half lives 11,462 years to one strand.) 1 = 50%, 2= 25% 3=12.5% …

Question 13

Preserved fossil

Answer 13

Whole organism encased in it, such as a insect encased in amber

Question 14

Mold + Cast Fossil

Answer 14

Lifeform embedded in soft mud, later hardens into sedimentary rock (mold), which may later be filled with other sediments that hardens into the cast of the lifeform.

Question 15

Trace Fossils

Answer 15

Evidence of living things that are not the remains of the life itself

Question 16

Carbon film fossil

Answer 16

Organic material is compressed into a thin layer of carbon in shape of organism

Question 17

Petrification

Answer 17

Rock replaces lifeform

Question 18

Virus life cycle

Answer 18

1) particle reaches vulnerable host cell; attaches using surface proteins
2) virus genetic material (DNA OR RNA) go inside the cell.
3) virus DNA/RNA takes over host cell machinery, making copies of itself.
4) after replication virus new particles break off and infect more cells.

Question 19

SIR model

Answer 19

Susceptible, infected, recovered. (# in population for virus)

Question 20

Ro Parameter

Answer 20

For every 1 person infected/contagious, how many ppl can the virus be spread to.