Quiz 1 Flashcards
What 5 things should I know about Domingo Sarmiento?
1) he was a writer who criticized caudillos for their barbarism and urban dwellers for their race; wrote civilization and barbarism
2) he was born in 1811 & died in 1888
3) he used the character Juan Facundo Quiroga as the archetypical caudillo
4) member of the liberal Unitarian opposition
5) Argentinian President
What 5 things should I know about Juan Manuel de Rosas?
1) he lived from 1793 to 1877
2) Leader of Argentina from 1829 to 1854
3) he was the epitome of caudillsmo; authoritarian & barbaric
4) he used repression to retain rule; issuing penalties for dissenters and ruled over press
5) died in exile in England
What 4 things should I know about Lopez de Santa Anna?
1) he lived from 1794-1876
2) he was the President of Mexico 9 times and was the most important political figure from 1821-1855
3) he lost a leg during a French invasion
4) former caudillo and military general
5) he died in disgrace
What 6 things should I know about Simon Bolivar?
1) he was nicknamed “Liberator of the North”
2) Creole elite who helped create the countries of Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador, and Colombia
3) distrusted the masses and resorted to military means
4) he lived from 1783-1830
5) Unitarian
6) he died on his way in Exile into Europe
What should I know about Father Manuel Hidalgo?
Mexican priest who led a successful peasant revolt that became chaotic and eventually was decapitated
What should I know about Jose San Martin?
Liberator of the South who freed Argentina and Chile and allied with the masses to defeat the royalists
What should I know about the Virgin of Guadalupe?
Brown-skinned holy figure who first appeared to Indigenous Catholic Convert in 1531 in Mexico who later becomes recognized by Creoles and is acknowledged as the Patron Saint of New Spain in 1754
What should I know about the Mapuche people?
They were indigenous people whose range spanned across Southern Argentina/Andes up to Central Chile; Their settlement was called Wallmapu
What should I know about viceroys?
Direct representatives of the King who people grew resentment over; 2 main viceroyalties in New Spain and Peru
What should I know about Patria Chica?
means “little homeland”; reinforces attachment to local
What should I know about Patria Grande?
means “great homeland”; reinforces attachment to all of LA
What should I know about caudillos?
1) 2 types of caudillos: regional and national
2) took advantage of political instability
3) charismatic leaders who protected lower classes in exchange for loyalty
4) landowners/military figure
5) Creoles
6) used coercion to achieve ends
What should I know about caudillismo?
It was a patron-client relationship, in where they held a monopoly of violence and gave lands and protection from other caudillos to lower classes in exchange for loyalty; imposed tradition of authoritarianism and worked against long term change
What should I know about the Conquest of the Desert?
It was initiated by Rosas, but embraced as state policy under subsequent presidents; Mapuche and gauchos seen as impediments to progress; Sarmiento wants to liberalize SA and open up the ports
What should I know about gauchos?
Poor Spaniard cowboys in Argentina, who became loyal supporters of caudillos
What should I know about Latin America (geographical concept)?
1) Mexico
2) Central America
3) Caribbean
4) South America
What should I know about Liberals v. Conservatives?
CONSERVATISM
-landowner class and artisan dominated
-catholic church as “co-state” actor
-supports authoritarian
-greater support of corporation-owned
-wants to establish culture inward
LIBERALISM
-secular state
-merchant-dominated
-favors federalism
-pursues commercialization of agriculture
-outward-looking culturally
-want to break up corporate control
What should I know about civilization vs. barbarism?
Book written in 1845 by Sarmiento depicting caudillos as barbaric and unitarians as civilized; used the caudillo Juan Facundo Quiroga as main focus of book
What is cultural syncretism?
fusing of elements to create something new
example:
Indigenous-Catholic Syncretism
What should I know about Mestizos?
People who had European and Indian ancestry
What should I know about Mulattos?
People who had European and African ancestry
What should I know about Peninsulares?
Spaniards born in the Iberian peninsula
What should I know about Creoles?
Spaniards born in the Americas
What should I know about secularism?
support of separation between religion and state
What should I know about mercantilism?
belief that a nation’s wealth can be increased by control of trade
