Quiz 1 Flashcards
Difference between habilitation and rehabilitation
habilitation: disability from birht, no prior skills
rehabilitation: disability later in life, pior skills need to relearn
What does aural
habilitation entail ?
Auditory perception training
● Visual cue training
● Communication modality
training
● Psychosocial counseling/
support
● Management of amplification
School Based AuD. considerations
● Employed directly by district you work for with school employee benefits
● Performing comprehensive audiology services requires investment in
diagnostic equipment
● Being a district employee makes AuD an “insider”
● Caseload may grow without additional compensation
● Cost may be less per individual service
● May be assigned other duties outside of audiology
● Likely can visit schools quickly if tech issue
● Don’t have to worry about billing
Contracted Services AuD
● Work for many different school districts
● No employment benefits
● Contract specifies caseload and services offered
● Position as consultant makes AuD an “outsider”
● Contract may evolve during the year as needs change
● Responsible for other people’s HAT equipment
● Overall cost per service may be higher
● District does not have to shoulder cost of diagnostic equipment
● May take longer to reach students when tech issues reported
1 full-time equivalent (FTE) educational audiologist to every __________students
10,000
What differentiates
educational audiology from
clinical pediatric audiology?
Educational Aud: Identify hearing status for children, oversees school hearing screenings, interpret education impact of results, measure acoustics in classrooms
Clincal Aud: Identify hearing loss at earliest stages in hospitals/clinics, evaluate, verify technology for a variety of disorders, work with families doctors and referral sources,
Beyond clinical competencies, an Ed AuD must be knowledgeable about_______.
Educational referral, follow up procedures, and special education eligibility
requirements
● Structure of contemporary learning environments and their implications on
classroom acoustics and learning
● IFSP, IEP, and 504 planning processes and procedures
● Collaboration and consultation with teachers and other school professionals
regarding the relation of reduced hearing to academic and psychosocial skill
Statutes
States what a law was designed to do and who it affects/protects
Regulations
States the specifics of how the law is to implemented and applied
The most significant laws affecting special
education in the US
1973: Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
1975: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
○ Has been reauthorized and amended several times
1990: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
○ Has also been reauthorized and amended over time
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Civil rights law for people with disabilities
● Prohibits recipients of federal funding from discriminating against
“otherwise qualified individuals
Section 504
prohibits entities that receive federal funds (such as
schools) from discrimination based on disability.
● Students with disabilities must be provided equal access to participate in or
benefit from the same educational opportunities provided to others without
disabilities
Examples of Major life activies
● Caring for one’s self
● Performing manual tasks
● Seeing
● Hearing
● Eating
● Sleeping
● Walking
● Standing
● Lifting
The Individuals with Disabilities Education
Act (IDEA) 6 major principles
- Full educational opportunity
○ All children with disabilities are entitled to a “free and appropriate public education”
(FAPE) - Identification
○ Requires Child Find programs to identify and evaluate children suspected of having a disability within the jurisdiction of the public agency - Multidisciplinary evaluation
○ Requires a comprehensive evaluation from multiple disciplines before placement in special education - Individualized Education Program (IEP)
○ Educational programming is determined based on an individual’s needs - Least restrictive environment (LRE)
○ Students with disabilities must be educated with their typical peers to the maximum extent possible - Procedural safeguards and due process
○ Establishes regulations, standards, and procedures for compliance with procedural
safeguard
IDEA- 14 qualifying conditions
- Autism
- Deaf-Blindness
- Deafness
- Emotional Disturbance
- Hearing impairment
- Intellectual disability
- Multiple disabilities
- Orthopedic impairment
- Other health impairment (OHI)
- Specific learning disability (SLD)
- Speech or language impairment
- Traumatic brain injury
- Visually impaired, including blindness
- Preschooler with a disability
What is a critique of IDEA?
states are given a lot of leeway for
interpretation of its requirements
● Significant variability between states in how services are provided
In NJ, for example, no specific degree of hearing loss is required for an IEP
classification of Auditorily Impaired
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
Provides protection from discrimination based on disability
● Covers disabilities related to mobility, stamina, sight, hearing, speech,
emotional illness, and learning disorders
● ADA requires that students not only have access to education, but that
schools provide for effective communication that is equal to those without
disabilitie
IDEA, 504, ADA Type of Law
Education act Civil rights law Civil rights law
IDEA, 504, ADA Responsible entitiy
Special education, General education, Public and private schools
(religious schools exempt)
IDEA, 504, ADA Funding
State, local, and federal- State and local only- Public and private funds
IDEA, 504, ADA Service Tool
IEP, 504 plan, Reasonable
accommodations and fair
employment practices
IDEA, 504, ADA Purpose
Provide FAPE to children
with disabilities
Provide equitable access
to education for children
with disabilities
Prohibit discrimination in
employment, public
services, or
accomidations
IDEA, 504, ADA population
14 qualifying conditions- Students with disability that limits a major life activit
IDEA, 504, ADA Consent
Written guardian consent
before evaluation and
placement
Does not require
guardian consent
Consent not required
NJ Communication Plan
- Student’s primary mode of communication, also differentiating
expressive and receptive modes - Opportunities for direct communication and instruction with peers and
staff - Student’s academic level and language/literacy skills
- Student’s ability to access all parts of school curriculum and peer/role
model opportunities - Student’s technology need
What all these laws mean for DHH kids
Children with hearing loss are protected under several different Federal laws to
ensure they are provided with a free and appropriate education that is as
accessible to them in their preferred communication method
Auditory system is complete by ___ weeks of gestation
20
Karen anderson and Synaptic pruning
If you do not use the areas in your brain for hearing/amplification then you will have delays in speech
Kral and Shama Crossmodal plasticity in hearing loss
Crossmodal reorganization changes the sense activating that area but not the underlying
behavioral characteristic of that area
Areas used to process sound are still present in the brain even if it is smaller.
Factors that impact hearing loss on child development
age, access to visual language, family, degree of loss, use of devices, professional support, additional needs
Listening age
age at which a
child receives adequate
amplification
Listening bubble
age at which a
child receives adequate
amplification
