Quiz 1 Flashcards
Define an atom
it consists of a small, dense nucleus containing positively charged protons and neutral neutrons and surrounded by negatively charged electrons
Atomic number of an element
it equals the number of protons in its nucleus
Atomic weight of an element
is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus
Where are the electrons located?
Orbitals
Where are the valence electrons located?
Outmost shell
Ionic compounds
they are composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions
Electronegative vs electropositive atoms
- electronegative: accepts electrons
- electropositive: gives up electrons
When is covalent bond formed?
when two atoms share one or more electron pairs. A molecule consists of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds.
Radical
molecular fragment with an odd number of unshared electrons
Catenation
the ability of an element to form chains of its own atoms through covalent bonding
Polar covalent bond
it’s a covalent bond in which the electron pair is not shared equally between the two atoms
Valence of an element
it’s the number of bonds that an atom of the element can form
Isomers
molecules with the same number of atoms but different arrangements of the atoms
Structural isomers
have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas
Formal charge
it’s the number of valence electrons in the neutral atom minus the number of covalent bonds to the atom and the number of unshared electrons on the atom
