Quiz 1 Flashcards
Because Steve is probably going to ask and you haven’t thought about the dyspnea pyramid since December because fuck that thing, what are the parts that make up the base of the pyramid?
Lungs
Vasculature
Airways
Alveoli
Parenchyma
Pleura
Diaphragm
What constitutes the middle of the dyspnea pyramid and what are its components?
Heart
Valves
Plumbing
Pump
Wiring
What constitutes the top of the dyspnea pyramid and what are its components?
Anemia
Anxiety
Acidosis
Neuromuscular weakness
What is a significant distinction between CAP and NAP?
CAP is commonly caused by a set of pathogens that respond to certain drug combinations. Pathogens that are associated with NAP tend to be more difficult to treat as they were acquired in a hospital setting and are therefore more likely to have drug-resistance
What is the story with Health care associated PNA and why do we give a shit?
Category introduced in 2005 with the goal of producing guidelines on nosocomial PNA that would produce criteria which could be utilized to identify patients at risk for developing NAP and treat them accordingly
Didnt fucking work, is no longer a thing. Some people dont know this. Educate them.
A disease process that causes inflammation and affects the gas exchange areas of the lungs which is most commonly caused by infection is called what?
Pneumonia (PNA)
Describe pneumonia
An inflammatory process that primarily affects gas exchange areas of the lungs and is most frequently caused by infection
PNA comes in a lot of flavors. What are some of the most common categories of PNA?
Community acquired PNA (CAP)
Nosocomial PNA (NAP?)
Hospital Acquired PNA (HAP)
Ventilator associated PNA (VAP)
Describe prevalence in regards to epidemiology
The term for the number of people in a given population with the disease
Describe incidence in relation to epidemiology
The rate at which a disease appears
Number of cases per given time period in a given population in a given area
Describe the mortality rates associated with CAP
7% of hospitalized patients
12% of hospitalized patients over the age of 65
Why do we care so much about preventing patients from getting pneumonia in a hospital setting?
Contracting PNA in the hospital particularly post-op significantly increases mortality rates particularly in geriatric populations and we already have enough issues with stupid people not believing medicine works
T/F: the worldwide leading cause of mortality in infants and children is dark wizards with grudges
False. PNA is the worldwide leading cause of mortality in children and infants
Which populations are most at risk for dying from PNA or PNA related complications?
Infants or young children
Geriatric patients
T/F: Lung diseases such as COPD, bronchiectasis and asthma do not increase the risk of CAP
False. Lung diseases such as COPD bronchiectasis and asthma significantly increase the risk of CAP
What non-respiratory comorbidities increase the risk of CAP
Congestive heart failure
Stroke
Diabetes mellitus
Malnutrition
Immunocompromise
T/F: PNA can result from viral respiratory tract infections
True.
Can result in viral pneumonia and secondary bacterial pneumonia
How does impaired airway protection increase CAP risk?
Impaired airway protection can result in micro/macroaspirations which can lead to infection resulting in PNA
Macroaspiration refers to what?
Aspiration of stomach contents
Yummy yummy
Microaspiration refers to what?
Aspiration of upper airway secretions
What can cause impaired airway protection?
Stroke
Seizure
Anesthesia
Drug use
Alcohol use
Medication for sleep
What is dysphagia?
Medical condition characterized by difficulty swallowing
What can cause dysphagia?
Stroke
Esophageal lesions
Dysmotility
What is dysmotility?
Dysmotility is a condition where the muscles and nerves of the digestive system do not work as they should