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Textiles > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A very large molecule made by connecting many small molecules together. Almost all fibers are polymers made of organic materials, but some polymers are formed into thin films and used as textiles. For example, vinyl upholstery is a film, often applied to a more traditional textile knit or woven material for added durability.

A

Polymer

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2
Q

Any substance, natural or manufactured, with a high length-to-width ratio possessing suitable characteristics for being processed into fabric; the smallest component, hairlike in nature that can be separated from a fabric; can be absorbent (like cotton and rayon), stretchy (like spandex), warm and bulky (like wool), or very strong and abrasion resistant (like nylon and polyester)

A

Fiber

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3
Q

An assemblage of fibers that is twisted or laid together so as to form a continuous strand that can be made into a textile fabric; can be used to make a fabric that is smooth and slick like satin or soft and fuzzy like brushed denim

A

Yarn

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4
Q

A flexible planar substance constructed from solutions, fibers, yarns, or fabrics, in any combination; range from lightweight and sheer chiffon scarves to heavy and sturdy denim to rigid and from carpeting to technical products such as erosion control and medical tapes. Cloth and material are common synonyms

A

Fabric

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5
Q

A term originally applied only to woven fabrics, now generally applied to any flexible material that is composed of thin films of polymers or of fibers, yarns, or fabrics or products made of these materials.

A

Textile

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6
Q

Any fabric that has not been finished. Consumers rarely see these, except for home sewers and quilters who may work with muslin.

A

Gray goods

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7
Q

Any dyeing or printing process used to add color with dyes or pigments to a textile; adds interest and fashion appeal to apparel and interiors.

A

Coloration

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8
Q

Any process that modifies appearance or enhances performance of gray goods. Some make the fabric more comfortable such as brushing velveteen to produce the soft surface. With others, the consumer cannot determine the presence of it.

A

Finish

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9
Q

Products constructed of textiles and other flexible materials including apparel, interior textiles, and technical textiles

A

Soft goods

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10
Q

Clothing and accessories made from flexible materials.

A

Apparel

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11
Q

Also known as interior furnishings or home fashions; describe textiles and textile products used in the home and other building interiors for functions such as absorbency or to add comfort and visual interest

A

Interior textiles

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12
Q

The application or function for which a textile is designed or for which it is ultimately used

A

End use

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13
Q

Sense and react to the environment or stimuli of an electrical, chemical, thermal, mechanical, magnetic, or other nature.

A

Smart textiles/fabrics

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14
Q

Include a broad range of materials that are widely used in special applications of a technical nature and that are generally not considered apparel or furnishings.

A

Technical or industrial textiles

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15
Q

The design and engineering of a product so that it has the desired serviceability characteristics, appeals to the target market, can be made within an acceptable time frame for a reasonable cost, and can be sold at a profit. It encompasses a range of activities and differs widely by companies and segments of the global textiles complex.

A

Product development

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16
Q

The measure of a textile product’s ability to meet consumers’ needs. The emphasis is on understanding the target market and relating target market needs to the product. These concepts are aesthetics, durability, comfort, safety, appearance retention, care, environmental concerns, sustainability, and cost.

A

Serviceability

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17
Q

The appearance or attractiveness of a textile product.

A

Aesthetics

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18
Q

The manner in which the product withstands use, or the length of time the product is considered suitable for the use for which it was purchased.

A

Durability

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19
Q

The way textiles affect heat, air, and moisture transfer, and the way the body interacts with a textile product

A

Comfort

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20
Q

A textile’s ability to protect the body from harm

A

Safety

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21
Q

How the product maintains its original appearance during use and care

A

Appearance retention

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22
Q

The treatment required to maintain a textile product’s original appearance and cleanliness

A

Care

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23
Q

The impact that the production, use, care, or disposal of a textile has on the environment.

A

Environmental concerns

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24
Q

Practices and policies that reduce environmental pollution and do not exploit people or natural resources in meeting the lifestyle needs of the present without compromising the future.

A

Sustainability

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25
Q

The way the production, use, care, and disposal of a product affects the environment and the people involved with the product

A

Life cycle impact

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26
Q

The amount paid to acquire, use, maintain, and dispose of a product

A

Cost

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27
Q

The manner in which a textile, textile component, or textile product responds to use or when exposed to some mechanical or environmental factor that might adversely affect it

A

Performance

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28
Q

The sum total of product characteristics such as appearance, end use, performance, material interactions within the product, consistency among identical products, and freedom from defects in construction or materials

A

Quality

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29
Q

Grown or developed in nature in recognizable fiber form

A

Natural fibers

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30
Q

Made from chemical compounds produced in manufacturing facilities. The material’s original form is not recognizable as a fiber.

A

Manufactured fibers

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31
Q

Any natural or manufactured fiber produced in or cut to a short length measured in inches or centimeters

A

Staple fibers

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32
Q

Fibers that are extremely long or yarns made of these fibers

A

Filaments

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33
Q

An intermediate stage in the production of staple manufactured fibers when manufactured fibers are produced in large bundles in filament length and crimped prior to cutting or breaking into staple fibers

A

Filament tow

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34
Q

Yarn or manufactured fiber size that is defined as weight in grams for 9,000 meters of fiber or yarn

A

Denier

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35
Q

A direct yarn-numbering system, also used to express fiber size; yarn or fiber size is the weight in grams of 1,000 meters of yarn

A

Tex

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36
Q

A way of describing fiber size; calculated by dividing the yarn size in denier by the number of filaments

A

Denier per filament (DPF)

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37
Q

Waves, bends, twists, coils, or curls along the length of the fiber

A

Fiber crimp

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38
Q

Fibers with similar chemical composition

A

Generic group

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39
Q

The process of connecting many small molecules (monomers) to produce one very large molecule, called a polymer

A

Polymerization

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40
Q

The number of small molecules (monomers) connected to form a polymer

A

Degree of polymerization

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41
Q

A random or disorganized arrangement of molecular chains within a fiber

A

Amorphous

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42
Q

Molecular chains that are parallel to each other in a fiber or in regions within a fiber

A

Crystalline

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43
Q

Refers to the alignment of the fiber’s polymers with its longitudinal axis

A

Orientation

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44
Q

The process of pulling a fiber so that the molecular chains rotate and slide until they become oriented and form crystals within the fiber to enhance certain fiber properties

A

Stretching

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45
Q

A fiber-finishing step in which a manufactured fiber is elongated after spinning to alter the molecular arrangement within the fiber, increasing crystallinity and orientation and resulting in a change in specific performance properties

A

Drawing

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46
Q

Attractions between positive hydrogen atoms of one molecule and negative oxygen or nitrogen atoms in another molecule

A

Hydrogen bonds

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47
Q

Weak attractive forces between adjacent molecules that increase in strength as the molecules move closer together

A

Van der Waals forces

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48
Q

The ability to occupy space for concealment or protection

A

Cover

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49
Q

The ability of a textile to allow light to pass through it

A

Translucence

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50
Q

The way light is reflected from the fiber or fabric surface

A

Luster

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51
Q

The manner in which a fabric falls or hangs over a 3D form

A

Drape

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52
Q

Describes the nature of a fabric’s surface as perceived by sight or touch

A

Texture

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53
Q

The way a fiber feels to the sense of touch

A

Hand

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54
Q

The ability of a fiber to withstand everyday rubbing or abrasion

A

Abrasion resistance

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55
Q

The ability of a fiber to bend repeatedly without breaking

A

Flexibility

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56
Q

The formation of tiny balls of fiber ends and lint on the surface of the fabric

A

Pilling

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57
Q

The ability to resist stress and is expressed as tensile strength (pounds per square inch) or as tenacity (grams per denier). Breaking tenacity is the number of grams of force to break a fiber.

A

Strength

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58
Q

Describes the strength of a fiber; describes the force at which the fiber ruptures or breaks

A

Tenacity

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59
Q

The ability of fibers to cling together, which is especially important in yarn spinning

A

Cohesiveness

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60
Q

The ability of a fiber to be stretched, extended, or lengthened

A

Elongation

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61
Q

The percentage of moisture a bone-dry fiber will absorb from the air under standard conditions of temperature and moisture; also known as moisture regain

A

Absorbency

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62
Q

Fibers with high moisture absorbency or regain

A

Hydrophilic

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63
Q

Fibers that have a high affinity or attraction for oil

A

Oleophilic

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64
Q

Fibers with high moisture absorbency or regain and the ability to remain dry to the touch

A

Hygroscopic

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65
Q

The fiber’s receptivity to coloration by dyes or its dye affinity

A

Dyeability

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66
Q

The ability to transfer electrical charges

A

Electrical conductivity

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67
Q

The ability of a fiber to transfer moisture along its surface

A

Wicking

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68
Q

The ability of a fiber to retain heat or to insulate

A

Heat

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69
Q

The ability to conduct heat away from the body

A

Heat conductivity

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70
Q

The ability to soften, melt, or shrink when subjected to heat

A

Heat sensitivity

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71
Q

The characteristics of a fabric that pertain to its relative ease of ignition and ability to sustain combustion

A

Flammability

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72
Q

The weight in grams per cubic centimeter of an object

A

Density

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73
Q

The ratio of the mass of the fiber to an equal volume of water at 4 C

A

Specific gravity

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74
Q

The ability to cause physical reactions such as skin redness

A

Allergenic potential

75
Q

The ability to return to original shape after bending, twisting, compressing, or a combination of these deformations

A

Resiliency

76
Q

Resistance to crushing

A

Compressibility

77
Q

The ability to spring back to original thickness after being compressed

A

Loft

78
Q

The ability of a fabric or pile to return to its original thickness after compression

A

Compression resilience is

79
Q

The ability to retain a given size and shape through use and care; also refers to a finish that minimizes fabric shrinkage or growth in use or during care

A

Dimensional stability

80
Q

The ability of a textile to retain its original dimensions during cleaning

A

Shrinkage resistance

81
Q

The ability of a strained material to recover its original size and shape immediately after removing stress

A

Elasticity

82
Q

The ability of fibers to recover from strain

A

Elastic recovery

83
Q

Delayed or gradual recovery from elongation or strain

A

Creep

84
Q

Resistance to deleterious changes over time

A

Aging resistance

85
Q

Resistance to the growth of mold, mildew, or fungus

A

Mildew resistance

86
Q

A finish in which the wool fabric is treated to be unpalatable or harmful to insects; resistance to insect damage

A

Moth resistance

87
Q

The type of chemical reaction to which individual fibers are susceptible

A

Chemical reactivity

88
Q

A finish or fiber modification to minimize the degradative effects of sunlight on fiber or dye

A

Light/sunlight resistance (SLR)

89
Q

The impact on the environment of the production, use, care, and disposal of textiles and textile products

A

Environmental concerns

90
Q

Describes practices and policies that reduce environmental pollution, do not exploit people or natural resources in meeting the lifestyle needs of the present, and do not compromise the future

A

Sustainability

91
Q

An environmentally intelligent design framework that examines the overall impact of the production, use, care, disposal, and recycle potential of products from economic, industrial, and social perspectives

A

Cradle-to-cradle

92
Q

The treatment required to maintain a textile product’s original appearance

A

Care

93
Q

The resistance to bending or creasing of a fabric

A

Stiffness/rigidity

94
Q

Fiber removed from a plant’s seed pod

A

Seed fiber

95
Q

Fiber removed from the stem of a plant

A

Bast fiber

96
Q

Fiber removed from the leaves of a plant

A

Leaf fiber

97
Q

Several fibers belonging to the genus Gossypium used to produce commercial and craft textile products

A

Cotton

98
Q

Companies and countries compete with each other by cutting wages and living standards for workers; production of goods is moved to places that have the lowest wages and production costs

A

Race to the bottom

99
Q

A mechanical device used to separate cotton fibers from the seeds

A

Gin

100
Q

Usable cotton fibers removed in the ginning process. It also refers to fiber debris that creates pills on fabrics or accumulates in dryer lint traps

A

Lint

101
Q

Very short cotton fibers that remain attached to the cotton seed after ginning

A

Linters

102
Q

(GM) also referred to as bioengineered or bio tech, cotton traits from one species are transferred to another to improve performance and reduce pesticide use

A

Genetically modified cotton

103
Q

A type of extra-long-staple cotton

A

Pima/Supima/Sea Island

104
Q

A waxlike film covering the outermost layer of a cotton fiber

A

Cuticle

105
Q

A hollow central canal through which nutrients travel as a cotton fiber develops in the plant

A

Lumen

106
Q

Ribbonlike twists along a cotton fiber

A

Convolutions

107
Q

Cotton grown in colors of brown, tan, yellow, green, rust, and so on

A

Naturally colored cotton

108
Q

Cotton produced following safe fiber-certification standards on land where organic farming practices have been used for at least 3 years

A

Organic cotton

109
Q

Cotton produced on land where organic farming is practiced but where the three-year minimum for certified organic cotton has not been met

A

Transition cotton

110
Q

Cotton fabric that has been washed with mild natural-based soap, but it has not been bleached or treated with other chemicals, except possibly natural dyes

A

Green cotton

111
Q

Cotton grown and processed by regular mainstream practices

A

Conventional cotton

112
Q

Fiber obtained from the fibrous mass between the outer shell and the husk of the coconut

A

Coir

113
Q

The fiber removed from the seeds of the Java kapok or silk cotton tree

A

Kapok

114
Q

A seed fiber from the Asclepias incarnate and A. syrica plants

A

Milkweed

115
Q

The process of bacterial rotting or decomposing the pectin in plant stems in order to remove bast fibers

A

Retting

116
Q

The process of cutting ramie, linen, hemp, and other fibers into shorter fibers to facilitate blending with cotton or processing on equipment designed for cotton

A

Cottonizing

117
Q

The bast fiber produced by the flax plant

A

Flax/Linen

118
Q

Irregular crosswise markings present in many bast fibers

A

Nodes

119
Q

Short flax fiber, a large assembly of filament fibers to facilitate handling and processing during the production of manufactured staple fibers

A

Tow

120
Q

Long, combed, and better-quality flax fibers

A

Line

121
Q

A fiber removed from a perennial shrub grown in hot, humid climates

A

Ramie

122
Q

A process used to remove ramie or any bast fiber from the plant stem

A

Decortication

123
Q

A bast fiber produced by Cannabis sativa

A

Hemp

124
Q

Federal law that does not distinguish between hemp and marijuana, and growing either is illegal, impacting the production and sale of hemp fibers

A

The US Controlled Substance Act

125
Q

A bast fiber used to produce burlap and other technical fabrics

A

Jute

126
Q

A bast fiber removed from the kenaf plant

A

Kenaf

127
Q

A bast fiber removed from the Hibiscus ficulneus plant

A

Hibicus

128
Q

Also known as aloo or allo, removed from the plant stem of the Himalayan giant nettle plant; also fiber from the stinging nettle plant stem

A

Nettle

129
Q

A bast fiber made from the stem of the bamboo, a type of rayon made from regenerated bamboo pulp

A

Bamboo

130
Q

A leaf fiber obtained from the pineapple plant

A

Pina

131
Q

A leaf fiber obtained from a member of the banana tree family

A

Abaca

132
Q

A leaf fiber produced in Africa, Central America, and the West Indies

A

Sisal

133
Q

A smooth, straight, yellow leaf similar to sisal

A

Henequen

134
Q

A miscellaneous cellulosic fiber

A

Rush/sea grass/palm fiber/water hyacinth

135
Q

Cellulosic material often used in accent rugs because of their resistance to dry heat and soil

A

Maize/cornhusks

136
Q

A fiber of animal or insect origin

A

Natural protein fibers

137
Q

Fiber from various animals including sheep, Angora, and cashmere goats, camel, alpaca, and llama

A

Wool

138
Q

Fibers with high moisture absorbency or regain and the ability to remain dry to the touch

A

Hygroscopic

139
Q

The heaviest and coarsest of all hair fibers, are often quite short, and don’t display dye colors very well

A

Kemp

140
Q

A sheep breed that produces superior-quality wool

A

Merino

141
Q

Wool as it is removed from the animal with soil, suint, and other impurities present

A

Raw/grease wool

142
Q

Process of removing the impurities such as sand, dirt, grease, and dried sweat (suint) from the newly removed wool

A

Clean/scoured wool

143
Q

Judging a wool fleece for its fineness and length

A

Grading

144
Q

The process of grouping textiles of similar characteristics to avoid creating problems in cleaning or to allow similar treatments

A

Sorting

145
Q

Wool removed from animals less than 7 months old

A

Lamb’s wool

146
Q

Wool that has never processed into a fabric before

A

Virgin wool

147
Q

A term for shredding wool yarns or fabrics to produce wool fibers for recycling

A

Garnetted

148
Q

Wool from old apparel and rags that are cleaned, sorted, and shredded

A

Shoddy

149
Q

Wool that has been processed into fabrics, garnetted, and processed into another fabric

A

Recycled wool

150
Q

An airy, honeycombed core present in some wool fibers

A

Medulla

151
Q

The main part of wool fibers, contains 2 cell types

A

Cortex

152
Q

A 2D or 3D aspect in which fibers or yarns twist or bend back and forth or around their axis

A

Crimp

153
Q

Contains 2 types of cortex cells, wool fiber is an example of wool

A

Natural bicomponent fiber

154
Q

A horny, nonfibrous layer on the exterior of wool fibers

A

Scales

155
Q

A method of producing a fabric directly from wool fibers by interlocking the fibers’ scales

A

Felting

156
Q

The ability of fibers to mat together

A

Feltability

157
Q

The protein found in animal fibers

A

Keratin

158
Q

Information that allows consumers the ability to trace their purchases back to the specific ranch where the sheep were raised

A

Tracebac

159
Q

The hair fiber produced by the Angora goat

A

Mohair

160
Q

The fine underwool fiber obtained from the musk ox

A

Qiviut

161
Q

The hair fiber procured by the Angora rabbit

A

Angora

162
Q

The fiber produced by the Bactrian camel

A

Camel hair

163
Q

The hair fiber produced by the cashmere goat

A

Cashmere

164
Q

A fiber resulting from the breeding of feral cashmere goats with angora goats

A

Cashgora

165
Q

The fiber produced by the South American llama

A

Llama

166
Q

The fiber produced by the South American alpaca

A

Alpaca

167
Q

The fiber produced by the South American vicuna

A

Vicuna/guanaco

168
Q

The fiber produced by the Tibetan ox

A

Yak

169
Q

The fiber produced by several varieties of caterpillars, including Bombyx mori, Antheraea mylitta, and Antheraea pernyi

A

Silk

170
Q

The production of cultivated silk

A

Sericulture

171
Q

The water-soluble protective gum that surrounds silk when extruded by a caterpillar

A

Sericin

172
Q

The process of removing silk fibers from several cocoons and winding them onto a reel

A

Reeling

173
Q

Silk that has not been processed to remove the sericin

A

Raw silk/silk-in-the-gum

174
Q

Silk yarns and fabrics derived from waste silk

A

Schappe

175
Q

The shorter waste fibers, often spun into silk noil fabric, that is fairly matte, and useful for more casual garments, also known as bourette

A

Silk noil

176
Q

Naturally grown staple silk that is more irregular in texture and color compared to cultivated silk

A

Wild silk

177
Q

A type of wild silk

A

Tussah silk

178
Q

A naturally thick and thin silk resulting from 2 caterpillars having formed one cocoon

A

Dupioni silk

179
Q

A standard way to describe the weight of silk fabrics and is abbreviated mm; one momme weighs 3.75 grams

A

Momme

180
Q

The protein of silk fibers

A

Fibroin

181
Q

The treatment of silk (an applied finish) with metallic salts to increase the fabric’s weight, hand, and dye affinity, it may result in accelerated degradation of the silk

A

Weighting

182
Q

A silk fabric to which a metallic salt was added (at an amount specified by federal law) to improve hand, dye affinity, or drape

A

Weighted silk

183
Q

The natural rustle made when two layers of silk fabric are rubbed together

A

Scroop

184
Q

The silk from spiders of the Nephila and Araneus families known for exceptional strength, elasticity, and biodegradability

A

Spider silk

Textiles (1 decks)

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