Quiz 1

Question 1

Cell Body

Answer 1

region (soma) inputs are combined and transformed in the cell body→ integration zone

Question 2

Axon

Answer 2

conduction zone, transmits the cell’s output information, SENDS NERVE IMPULSE

Question 3

Axon terminal

Answer 3

(synaptic boutons) → functional output zone

Question 4

Myelin Sheath

Answer 4

along axon and axon terminals to insulate neuron and ensures integrity of signal, prevents electrolyte loss

Question 5

Ions Inside Membrane (+)

Answer 5

K+ and An-

Question 6

Ions Outside Membrane (-)

Answer 6

Ca2+,Na+,Cl-

Question 7

Concentration Force Inside Going Out

Answer 7

K+ and An-

Question 8

Concentration Force Outside Going IN

Answer 8

Na+, Cl-, Ca2+

Question 9

Electrical Force Inside Going Out

Answer 9

Cl- and An-

Question 10

Electrical Force Outside Going In

Answer 10

Na+, K+, Ca2+

Question 11

How many K+ cross the pump

Answer 11

2 in

Question 12

How many Na+ cross the pump

Answer 12

3 out

Question 13

Glutamate

Answer 13

Abundant in the body; fast excitatory +

Question 14

GABA

Answer 14

Abundant in the body; fast inhibitory -

Question 15

Adrenaline

Answer 15

sympathetic, fight or flight, larger compounds

Question 16

Acetylcholine

Answer 16

Parasympathetic, rest and digest, larger compounds

Question 17

CNS is made up of

Answer 17

brain and spinal chord

Question 18

PNS is made up of

Answer 18

Autonomic(sympathetic/parasympathetic), Cranial Nerves, Spinal Nerves

Question 19

Cranial Nerves

Answer 19

connected to brain

Question 20

Spinal Nerves

Answer 20

somatic nerves, control the spinal chord

Question 21

ANS

Answer 21

Controls organs and glands

Question 22

Parasympathetic

Answer 22

calming, digesting, relaxing

Question 23

Sympathetic

Answer 23

arousing fight or flight

Question 24

Autonomic

Answer 24

maintains homestasis, involuntary movements

Question 25

Frontal Lobe

Answer 25

Planning, Problem solving, motivation , judgment, decision making, impulse control, social behavior, personality , memory , learning, award , attention

Question 26

Parietal Lobe

Answer 26

awareness of somatic sensation : touch, pain, temperature, pressure, vibration processing somatic sensation: Analyzing/Recognizing memory of somatic sensation spacial and body awareness

Question 27

Occipital Lobe

Answer 27

Select, organize, integrate visual information

Question 28

Temporal Lobe

Answer 28

Awareness processing auditory Stimuli: sounds of auditory stimuli: hearing pitch and frequency

Question 29

Brainstem

Answer 29

Analyzing Recognizing memory of auditory Stimuli , controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body (midbrain: earning controls involuntary eye movement. Pons: cortex - cerebellum, facial sensitivity, REM Sleep. Medulla Oblon

Question 30

Cerebellum

Answer 30

coordinates movements, posture, balance, motor learning

Question 31

Thalamus

Answer 31

information processor for all senses

Question 32

Hypothalamus

Answer 32

maintain homeostaisis

Question 33

Hippocampus

Answer 33

Learning, memory encoding, spatial navigation

Question 34

Amygdala

Answer 34

Processing center for emotions

Question 35

Somatosensory pathway

Answer 35

first order neuron: sensory cell to spinal cord and midbrain second order neuron: midbrain to thalamus third order neruon: thalamus to respective sensory cortex

Question 36

Role of Na+

Answer 36

depolarization phase (membrane potential becomes +)

Question 37

Role of K+

Answer 37

Repolarization phase (membrane potential goes to resting state)

Question 38

Role of Ca2+

Answer 38

Nt release at axon terminal

Question 39

Role of Cl-

Answer 39

Influences resting membrane potential and inhibit excitation

Question 40

EPSP

Answer 40

makes membrane + =more likely AP will occur

Question 41

IPSP

Answer 41

makes membrane - = less likely AP will occur

Question 42

Glutamate

Answer 42

opens Na+ channels = excitatory

Question 43

GABA

Answer 43

open Cl- channels = inhibition

Question 44

Ionotropic`

Answer 44

open a channel

Question 45

metabotropic

Answer 45

intracellular response, swings both ways to open ion channels

Question 46

GPCR and taste

Answer 46

different GPCR for sweet sour bitter etc

Question 47

Olfactory Targets

Answer 47

nasal cavity cilia receptors then ORN which lead to olfactory bulb (base of brain) then target the amygdala and olfactory tubercle which go to orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus

Question 48

On center bipolar cells

Answer 48

hypoerpolarized(inhibit) in dark; rods and cones are depolarized Depolarized(Exciteted) in light rods and cones are hyperpolarized

Question 49

off center bipolar cells

Answer 49

depolarized in dark, rods cones depolarized hyperpolarized (inhibited) in light rods cones are hyperpolarized

Question 50

targets of optic nerve

Answer 50

Visual cortex (basics of what we see) Pretectum: light reflex Superior colliculus: visual and motor maps suprachaismattic nucleus: light stimulates gluta neurons (light/dark cycle)