QUIZ 1 Flashcards
Coronal Plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Transverse Plane
divides the body into superior and inferior portions
Mid-Sagittal
divides the body into equal left and right portions
Sagittal Plane
divides the body into left and right portions
Distal
Away
Proximal
Close
Caudal
Towards the tail
Cranial
Toward the head
Rostral
toward the nose
Ventral
Toward the belly
Dorsal
toward the spine
What are positive feedback mechanisms?
increases actions in the body (short-lived): ex: blood clotting, milk let down, childbirth
What are negative feedback mechanisms?
prevents sudden or severe changes in the body; ex: body temp, blood pressure, glucose regulation
Homeostasis
trying to maintain a stable internal environment
How long can you survive without food?
3 Weeks
How long can you survive without water?
3 days
How long can you survive without oxygen?
3 minutes
What is hydrostatic pressure?
controls blood flow
What is atmospheric pressure?
needed for breathing
What is pressure?
force on an object (gravity)
What is heat?
byproduct of metabolism; controls the rate of metabolic reactions
What is oxygen?
1/5 air; releases energy from nutrients
Why is food important?
supplies energy and provides necessary nutrients and raw materials
What is water?
most abundant substance in the body required for metabolism, transport, and regulating body temperature
What five factors does life depend on most?
Water, Food, Oxygen, Heat, and Pressure
What is excretion?
removal of waste produced by metabolic reactions
What is assimilation?
changing of absorbed substances into chemically different forms
What is circulation?
movement of substances in body fluids
What is absorption?
Passage of substances through membranes and into bodily fluids
What is digestion?
breakdown of food substances into simpler forms
What is respiration?
obtaining oxygen; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from food
What is reproduction?
production of new organisms and new cells
What is growth?
increase in body size; no change in shape
What is responsiveness?
reaction to a change
What is movement?
change in position; motion
How do we characterize something as living?
It has movement, responsiveness, growth, reproduction, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, and excretion
What is physiology?
The study of the function of the body
What is anatomy?
The study of the structure of the body
