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MEMS 0023 Intro to Materials Science > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

subatomic structure

A

electrons within the individual
atoms, their energies and interactions with nuclei

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2
Q

atomic structure

A

relates to the organization of
atoms to yield molecules or crystals

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3
Q

nanostructure

A

atoms that form particles
(nanoparticles) that have nanoscale dimensions
(<100 nm)

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3
Q

microstructure

A

structural elements observed with
microscope

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4
Q

macrostructure

A

structural elements seen with naked eye

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5
Q

metal material type

A

-strong, ductile
-high thermal and electrical conductivities
-opaque, reflective

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6
Q

polymer/plastic material type: compounds of non-metals

A

− Soft, ductile, low strengths, low densities
− Low thermal & electrical conductivities
− Opaque, translucent or transparent

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7
Q

ceramic material type: compounds of metallic & non-metallic
elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)

A

− Hard, Brittle
− Low thermal & electrical conductivities
− Opaque, translucent, or transparent

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8
Q

mechanical properties

A

relate deformation to an applied load or force (ex. strength, resistance to fracture)

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9
Q

electrical properties

A

stimulus is an applied electric field (ex. conductivity, dielectric constant, resistivity)

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10
Q

thermal properties

A

related to changes in a temperature or temperature gradients across a material (ex. heat capacity, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity)

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11
Q

magnetic properties

A

responses of a material to application of a magnetic field (ex. magnetic susceptibility, permiability)

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12
Q

optical properties

A

stimulus is electromagnetic or light radiation (ex. reflectivity, index of refraction)
-single crystal typically optically transparent, whereas polycrystalline can be translucent or opaque

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13
Q

deteriorative properties

A

chemical reactivity of materials (ex. corrosion resistance)

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14
Q

advanced materials

A

semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials, nanomaterials

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15
Q

Avogadro’s Number

A

1 mol = 6.022 x 10^23 atoms or molecules

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16
Q

What properties are determined by atomic structure?

A

chemical, electrical, thermal, optical

17
Q

How do you calculate average atomic mass?

A

average mass = m1p1 + m2p2

18
Q

Which of the following is the best example of a
material property?

(a) Density
(b) Annealing
(c) Forging
(d) Single-crystal
(e) Crystalline

A

a) Density

19
Q

Which of the following is the best example of
material processing?

(a) Extrusion
(b) Crystalline
(c) Amorphous
(d) Glassy
(e) Elastic Modulus

A

a) Extrusion

20
Q

Which of the following is the best example of
material structure?

(a) Single-phase
(b) Elastic Modulus
(c) Sintering
(d) Magnetic Permeability
(e) Brittle

A

a) single-phase

21
Q

Which class of material is generally associated with
the highest density values at room temperature?

(a) Composites
(b) Ceramics
(c) Metals
(d) Polymers

A

c) metals

22
Q

Ionic Bonds

A
  1. metal donates e- and nonmetal accepts e-
  2. requires large EN difference
    ex. NaCl
23
Q

Covalent Bonding

A
  1. Share valence electrons to fill shell
  2. Similar ENs
24
Q

Metallic Bonding

A

electrons delocalized to form an “electron cloud”

25
Q

Primitive Unit Cell

A

Just one atom per unit cell (1 lattice point total)

26
Q

coordination number

A

number of nearest neighbors of an atom in a unit cell system

27
Q

Simple Cubic APF

A

0.52

28
Q

APF of BCC

A

0.68

29
Q

APF of FCC and HCP

A

0.74

30
Q

Coord Number of SC

A

6

31
Q

Coord Number of BCC

A

8

32
Q

Coord Number of FCC and HCP

A

12

33
Q

BCC Packing Direction parameter

A

4r=sqrt(3)a

34
Q

FCC Packing Direction parameter

A

4r=sqrt(2)a

35
Q

How many atoms in SC unit cell?

A

1 atom

36
Q

How many atoms in FCC unit cell?

A

4

37
Q

How many atoms in BCC unit cell?

A

2

38
Q

isotropic

A

for polycrystalline materials having randomly oriented grains, properties are independent of
crystallographic orientation

39
Q

anisotropic

A

For most single crystals, properties vary with crystallographic orientation

MEMS 0023 Intro to Materials Science (4 decks)

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