quiz 1 Flashcards
What is personality?
A person’s unique long-term pattern of thinking and behavior.
What does stability in personality mean?
Consistency in how people respond over time and across situations.
What are personality traits?
Internal, psychological predispositions to behave in a certain way.
What did Gordon Allport do to study personality traits?
Looked for words in the English language that could describe people.
What are individual traits according to Allport?
traits unique to a person.
Which type of trait is described as pervasive and influential in almost every aspect of a person’s life?
Cardinal traits.
who is an example of a person with cardinal traits?
Mother Teresa.
How did Raymond Cattell reduce the list of traits created by Allport?
Reduced it to 16 factors.
What did Cattell propose about the 16 factors?
They vary from low to high.
Why did Cattell use factor analysis?
to identify the essential mental elements (traits) of personality.
What is factor analysis?
assessing the relationship between measurements taken from a group to determine common factors.
If two subscales of a personality test show a high correlation, what does it mean?
They are similar or related aspects of personality.
What is the relationship between personality traits and stability?
Traits can and do change over time, but within limits.
When a person’s behavior is determined primarily by one trait, it is called:
A cardinal trait.
Which dimension represents being outgoing and social?
Social assertiveness.
Which dimension describes being open-minded and experimental?
Openmindedness.
Which dimension represents being disorganized and casual?
Perfectionism.
Which dimension relates to being stable and calm?
Emotional stability.
What are common traits according to Allport?
Traits shared by many people.
Give an example of a common trait:
A student’s nervousness before a speech.
Which psychologist proposed two broad types of traits: individual traits and common traits?
Gordon Allport.
What are the three types of traits identified by Gordon Allport?
Cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary traits.
Which type of trait is the least important and is displayed inconsistently?
Secondary traits.
Which dimension describes being reserved and detached?
Warmth.
Which dimension represents being adventurous and spontaneous?
Liveliness.
Which dimension relates to being conscientious and organized?
Dutifulness.
What dimension represents being trusting and non-suspicious?
Paranoia.
What is the name of the personality assessment developed by Raymond Cattell based on the 16 factors?
16PF (16 Personality Factors).
Which factor dimension describes being confident and self-assured?
Independence.
Which dimension reflects being close-minded and traditional?
Openmindedness.
What is the primary purpose of factor analysis in the study of personality?
To identify common factors or dimensions underlying personality traits.
In factor analysis, what does a high correlation between two subscales of a test indicate?
They are measuring related aspects of personality.
True or False: According to the provided information, personality traits are completely rigid and unchanging throughout one’s life
False. (Personality traits can and do change over time, but within limits.)
Which type of trait dominates a person’s behavior to the extent that it touches almost every aspect of their life?
Cardinal traits.
Which theoretical approach emphasizes the role of internal, stable traits in defining personality?
Trait theory.
In trait theory, what are personality traits seen as?
Internal, psychological predispositions to behave in a particular way.
How did Gordon Allport identify words to describe people for his trait theory?
He looked for words in the English language, primarily from dictionaries.
Which psychologist reduced Gordon Allport’s list of traits to about 171 and organized them into 16 factors?
Raymond Cattell.
True or False: Raymond Cattell’s 16 factors of personality traits vary from low to high on each dimension.
True. (Cattell proposed that these traits vary in a continuum from low to high.)
