Quiz 1 Flashcards
What is matter
mass and volume
our atmosphere is made of matter
what is ISA
a standard reference
standard atmospheric pressure
Height of the topopause
36,090 feet ISA
atmospheric composition
78 - nitrogen
21 - oxygen
1 - other
Where does the energy in our atmosphere go
19 - is absorbed by atmosphere
51 - is absorbed at the surface
30 - is reflected back into space
what happens to our density as temperature lowers
density increases
what is convection
circulation of warm and cool air as it cools it sinks as it warms it rises
how many NM of earth is equal to 1 degree
60 NM
what is a pressure gradient
pressure change/distance
What is considered a ceiling
broken
overcast
VV (vertical visibility)
What sky conditions are not considered a ceiling
scattered
few
what is the max height of a thunderstorm
26000-33000
could go higher if there is enough moisture/water vapor and vertical lift
what typically occurs at a Midwest airfield immediately or soon after the passage of a surface cold front
there is a marked shift in direction of surface winds
there is an increase in the speed of surface winds
there is a decrease in the surface dew point temperature
there is a decrease in surface temperature
there is an increase in surface pressure
which way does the Coriolis effect deflect in the northern hemisphere
right
which way does the Coriolis effect deflect in the southern hemisphere
left
what strength does the Coriolis effect have in polar regions
maximum
what strength does the coriolis effect have on equator
Nil
relative humidity is
actual amount of moisture / maximum amount of moisture
Dew point definitions
temperature at which air becomes saturated
relative humidity = 100 percent
precipitation definition
droplets grow until rising air is unable to support
liquid or solid
what is atmospheric stability
resistance to vertical motion
which gas is more prevalent in the atmosphere
nitrogen
which is the lowest layer in the atmosphere
Troposphere
Atmposheric pressure is caused by
uneven heating of the earth’s atmosphere
which method is the least important in hating the earth’s atmosphere
absorption of the sun’s radiation
wind speed can be determined by
spacing of isobars
coriolis force is greatest
at the poles
30 degree latitude is a region of generally
high pressure
frost is an example of
condensation then freezing
different types of fog
radiation
upslope
advection
precipitation-induced
steam
radiation fog
moist air over a cooling surface
advection fog
warm moist air moving over a cooler surface
up slope fog
moist stable air moving up a slope
steam fog
cold dry air moving over warmer water
precipitation-induced fog
warm rain evaporating into cooling air
what is a front
a boundary zone between air masses
requirements for a thunderstorm
high moisture content
unstable air
lifting action
what causes turbulence
a rapid change in wind direction
can be horizontal and vertical
effects of icing
reduced thrust
decreased lift
increased drag
increased weight
freezing rain or drizzle
rapid accumulation of clear ice
above freezing temperature aloft
wind shear
a chenge in wind speed and or direction
also includes updraft and downdrafts
generally though of as changing within a short time or in a small distance
clouds are classified by
height and general appearance
which types of fog can only form over land
upslope and radiation
three conditions needed for thunderstorm development
unstable air, lifting action, sufficient moisture
mountain wave turbulence is formed by
stable air blowing perpendicular to a mountain ridge
ACSL clouds indicate the presence of
mountain wave turbulence
turbulence caused by an inversion is usually located
at night at low levels over land
icing is caused by
super cooled water droplets freezing on an aircraft
which condition would cause the worst icing situation?
flying through rain at -2C
advection fog requires
warm, moist air moving over colder surfaces
a front is defined as a
a boundary between two different air masses
when an air mass moves from its source region, it will
begin to modify
a fast moving cold front generally has
a narrow band of severe weather
what type of thunderstorm is more severe
steady state
the jet streams flow generally from west to east in the northern hemisphere and from east to west in the southern hemisphere. this is because the coriolis force acts in opposite directions among the two hemispheres
in the US midwest during january, where would surface freezing rain and low-altitude aircraft icing be the most likely the most widespread and severe
just north of a surface warm front eh extends eastward out of a low pressure center
surface based and aircraft-based weather radar using doppler technology can normally determine which of the following
precipitation
intensity of precipitation
the relative motion/direction of the precipitation particles with respect to the location of the radar, thereby giving information regarding the wind speeds and directions
what type of precipitation
during an evening in early january, what type of satellite imagery is most likely to be the most effective in distinguishing between cloud cover and snow cover in northern Indiana and michigan
looped visible imagery from a geostationary satellite
what is geostationary
satellite that orbits at the same speed as the earth - sits over the same spot all the time
what is looped
frames per minute over time
creates a video
polar-orbiting satellites
provide temperature and moisture data
highest resolution imagery available
.5 killometers
what is meteorology
the study of the atmospheric processes and phenomena that create weather
what is weather
the condition of the atmosphere at a particular location and moment
what is the fundamental cause of weather on earth
the sun’s energy distributed unevenly across a spinning and tilted earth with an atmosphere, oceans, and variable topography
for the earths orbit around the sun and the suns energy distribution across the earth, what is unique about Jan 4 and July 4? What are the implications
earth is closes to the Sun on January 4 (greatest energy absorbed) and furthest from the Sun on July 4th
which 4 constituents are most relevant to avition
N2
O2
H2O
O3
How would you define atmospheric pressure to a family member
it is like a fish tank
what are the units of measure for pressure in meteorology and aviation
millibars and hectopascal
for every 1000 feet how much mercury is lost
1 inch
what is atmospheric pressure
atmospheric pressure at any point represents the force per unit area exerted at that point by the weight of the atmosphere from that point to the top of the atmosphere
a temperature of 50 degrees F is equal to what
10 degrees C
