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Professional Nursing > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator

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1
Q

Responsibilities of RN

General Functions

A
  • Collects data
  • Analyzes data & determines health care needs
  • Identifies goals
  • Carries out nursing actions
  • Involves pt/families in health promotion & health matenice
  • Evaluates effectiveness of quality of nursing care
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2
Q

Negativies of Nursing

A
  • Multiple levels of nursing

- Definitions are often broad

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3
Q

Scope of Nursing

A
  1. Promoting Health & Wellness
  2. Preventing Illness
  3. Restoring Health
  4. Caring for the dying
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4
Q

Nursing History:

A

Women’s Roles
Religion
War

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5
Q

Nursing History: Religion

A

Christian Values: desire to do good to others

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6
Q

Nursing History: War

A

American Cilvil War: Harriet Tubman & Sojourner Truth emerged

Vietnam: Youngest group of medical personnel to serve

WWI: “spirit of nursing” monument

WWII: shortage of caregivers = Associates Degree

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7
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

Known as the “Moses of her people” for her work in the underground railroad
Civil war - nursed the sick & suffering for her own race

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8
Q

Sojourner Truth

A

Abolitionist
Underground railroad agent
Preacher & women’s rights advocate
Nurse during the Civil War

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9
Q

Walt Whitman & Louisa May Alcott

A

Noted authors - volunteered to give care to injured soldiers in military hospitals

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10
Q

Dorthea Dix

A
  • Union’s superintended of female nurses

- responsible for recruiting & supervising nurses in the army hospital during the civil war

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11
Q

Florence Nightingle

1820-1910

A
  • ‘The Guardian Angel’ or ‘Angel of Mercy’
  • Referred to as the 1st nurse researcher & theorist
  • Improve standards for the care
  • Iinterventions dramatically reduced mortality rates among soldiers
  • Reformed hospitals, produced & implemented public health policies
  • Developed the Nightingale School for Nurses
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12
Q

Clara Barton

1821-1912

A

Helped establish the American Red Cross

School teacher-volunteered during the Civil War

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13
Q

Linda Richards

1841-1930

A

America’s 1st trained nurse
Intraducted written pt record & doctors orders
Initiated uniforms
Credited for her work in psychiatric & industrial nursing

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14
Q

Mary Mahoney

1845-1926

A

1st African American professional nurse

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15
Q

Lillian Wald

1867-1940

A

Founded Public Health Nursing

Provided nursing services, social services, & organized educational & culture actives

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16
Q

Lavinia L. Dock

1858-1956

A

Feminist, political activist, prolific writer
Campaigned for nurses not physicians to control their profession
Protested for women’s rights-resulted the 19th amendment which granted woman the right to vote

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17
Q

Margaret Higgins Sanger

1879-1966

A

Founder of Planned Parenthood
Imprisoned for opening the 1st birth control information clinic in the US
NY public health nurse

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18
Q

Mary Breckinridge

1881-1965

A

Founded the Frontier Nursing Service in Kentucky in 1925

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19
Q

What is a Position

A

Group of tasks assigned to one person

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20
Q

What is a Job

A

Group of positions similar in nature - carried out by one or more persons

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21
Q

What is a Occupation

A

Group of jobs similar in type of work

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22
Q

What is a Profession

A

Type of occupation meeting certain criteria - raise it to a level above occupation

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23
Q

What is a Professional

A

Belongs to & practices profession

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24
Q

What is Professionalism

A

Demonstration of high-level personal, ethical, & skill characteristics

25
Q

Trait Theroy

A

When an occupation becomes a profession

26
Q

NCLEX

A

National Council Licensure Examination

Administered in each state
Licensure & registration must be renewed regularly in order to maintain valid
High-school graduate, Verification of completion of nursing program/school is required, no prior legal convictions

27
Q

NCLEX Mutual Recognition

A

Some state legislatures have created a regulatory model called mutual recognition that allows for multi-state licensure under one license. States that enter into these recognition agreements are referred to as compact states.

28
Q

Accreditation

A

In addition to state approval, the National League of Nursing Accrediting Commission provides accreditation for all levels of nursing programs, and the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) accredits BSN & higher degree programs

Accreditation is a voluntary, peer review process.

29
Q

Levels of Nursing

LPN & LVN

A

Licensed Practical Nurse - LPN
Licensed Vocational Nurse - LVN

Care for pts under the direction of physicians & RNs
Usually 12month program
Provides basic bedside care / task oriented
Must take NCLEX-PN

30
Q

Levels of Nursing

RN

A

Diploma, Associate degree, & Bachelors program

Provides supervision to LPN’s & CNA’s

31
Q

Levels of Nursing

Masters vs Doctorate

A

Masters (MSN) - nursing experience required - specializes

Doctorate (PhD or DNP) - need masters 1st
PhD - reasearched based
DNP - clinical base

32
Q

Levels of Nursing

Advanced Pratice Nurse

A

Advanced Practice Nurse (APN)

Nurse Practitioner
Clinical Nurse Specialist
Nurse Midwives
Nurse Anesthetist

Most can Rx medications & many can practice independently.

33
Q

Levels of Nursing

Ladder Programs

A

LPN programs work w/ associate degree programs
Comprises 1st yr of an Associates program for RN - if successful in passing the NCLEX-PN, students can work while continuing the RN education

34
Q

Permissive licensure

A

Law allows anyone to practice as long as they do not claim to hold the RN credential

35
Q

Mandatory licensure

A

Law forbids anyone to practice the profession without a license.
Started after WWII

36
Q

Nurse Practice Act

A

Set of laws that govern certain aspects of nursing practice.
It is needed bc nursing is a health profession that poses a risk to the public if practiced by someone who is unprepared & incompetent. Each state’s legislature determines what goes into that state’s Practice Act
Includes: definition of nursing, scope of practice, licensure requirements, renewal of license, continuing education

37
Q

Nursing Practice Act

2 Essential Purposes

A
  1. Protect the health & safety of citizens

2. Protects the RN title

38
Q

Sunset Legislation

A

Laws that make sure legislation is current & reflects public needs. Allows scope of practice to be updated.
Ex: change in requirements for license renewal - added 30 CDU’s

39
Q

Levels of Nursing

Certification

A

Recognizes excellence in practice.

1st to certify advanced practitioners -anesthesia in 1946

40
Q

Temporary Practice Permit

A

Graduate nurse practices under supervision of RN.
No longer then 1 yr.
Expires if NCLEX is failed

41
Q

Theory vs Science

A

Theory: group of related concepts that explain existing phenomena & predicts future events

Science: bringing together facts & giving them coherence & integrity

42
Q

Levels of Health Care Services
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

A

Primary: Health Promotion & Preventable Care

Secondary: Emergency & Acute Care

Tertiary: Long term, Rehab & Care of Dying

43
Q 
Types of Health Care Systems
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
A

Type I - Private Health Care Insurance (USA, Medicare, Medicaid)
Type II - National Health Insurance (Canada - uses tax dollars)
Type III - National Health Service (founded & operated by the government - UK)
Type IV - Socialized Health System (Canada, Military, Sport Teams)

44
Q

Themes that Raised Health Care Cost

A
  • Physicians making primary health care decisions
  • Providing the ‘best’ possible care
  • Increased cost for new technology
  • Fee For Service - Economic incentives to provide as much care as possible bc insurance was paying the bill
  • Lack of cost consciousness
  • Medicare expenditures increased
45
Q

When was the first group health care coverage?

A

1929

Health coverage for a monthly fee for teachers (BCBS)

46
Q

Medicare

A

1965- Health care made advalible to millions of Americans
Medicare was the single largest payer of hospital changes before 1983 when they changed to DRG
-Largest health insurance program in the US
-Entitlement program based on age or disability (not on need)

47
Q

Medicare

Part A

A

Covers inpatient hospital services
Skilled nursing facilities (SNFs)
Home Health Benefits

48
Q

Medicare

Part B

A

Covers physician services

49
Q

Medicare

Part D

A

Provides Rx medication benefits

50
Q

Medicaid

A

1965
Federal & State health insurance program
Intended to improve access to health care for the poor
Covers: disabled, low-income households w/children & nursing homes who those w/ low income
For most states, Medicaid represents the fastest growing component in the state budget

51
Q

DRGs

Diagnosis related groups

A

Diagnosis-Related Groups
1983 Medicare moved to limited payment system - Amount pre-established by Dx
Expanded roles as nursing administrators

52
Q

RSBRVS

Resource-Based Relative Value Scale

A

Brought physician reimbursement more in line with skilled required

53
Q

Managed Care

A

Organization - provides comprehensive, preventative & treatment services to a enrolled person.
Has the capacity to dramatically influence who provides & receives care & compensation
Coverage my be denied
Goal is to minimize payment for inappropriate services

54
Q

Managed Care Organization

MCOs

A
  1. Health Maintenance Organization HMOs
  2. Preferred Provider Organization PPOs
  3. Point-of-Service Plan POS
55
Q

Uninsured & Underinsured

A
  • Less likely to use preventive care
  • More likely to be hospitalized for avoidable conditions
  • Generate uncompensated care & bad debt for health care providers who then increase charges (cost shifting)
56
Q

Cost Shifting

A

Cased by uninsured

Health care providers increase charges to paying customers due to not getting paid from the uninsured

57
Q

Health Care Resources

A

Labor - nurses, physicians (education)
Capitol - medical facilities & equipment
Land - area for hospitals & other facilities
Entrepreneurship - skills & risks involved in the business side

58
Q

Allocating Health Care

A

US - only western industrialized country out of 25 without a national health care system

59
Q

Third Party Payers

A

Entities other than the pt that assumes responsibility for payment
Ex: health insurance companies (most common) Medicare, Medicaid & VA

Professional Nursing (3 decks)

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