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BME 350 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: it’s been said that at the heart of every engineering problem there exists a materials challenge

A

True

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2
Q

Choose the best answer from among the choices listed: “Materials engineering involves______________”

something tangible that goes into the makeup of a physical object
investigating the relationships that exist between structure and properties of materials
designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties
none of the choices listed

A

designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties

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3
Q

Choose the best answer to the following question from among the choices listed: “Why is BME 350 required in the undergraduate BS in BME curriculum”?

materials engineering is important
all engineering disciplines need to understand materials
materials are an integral part of the innovations underlying healthcare technology
faculty needed to add courses to “fill” the curriculum to achieve 128 credit hours
ABET evaluators score highly programs that require materials engineering in the curriculum

A

materials are an integral part of the innovations underlying healthcare technology

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4
Q

Christian Thomsen said there are “quanta” of materials technology that enabled “leaps” in societal advances. Choose all of the “quanta” that Thomsen referred to in his 1836 publication.

wood age
bronze age
stone age
iron age
silicon age
nanomaterial age
ceramic age
age of aquarius

A

bronze age, stone age, iron age

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5
Q

Which of the three ages cited by Thomsen in 1836 endured for the longest duration?

bronze age
iron age
stone age
wood age
silicon age

A

stone age

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6
Q

Choose all materials potentially used by inhabitants of the longest enduring epoch of materials, i.e. the stone age

stone
clay
glass for smart phones
wood
fur
bone
tendons & ligaments
hair
pizza crust
pasta
animal skins
beer cans

A

stone
clay
wood
fur
animal skins
bone
tendons & ligaments
hair

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6
Q

Tendons were one of the materials used during the stone age. Select from the list below all potential applications of tendons during the stone age.

cell telephone covers
energy storage for weapons
fastening materials
bread wrapper ties
shoe laces
none of the choices list

A

energy storage for weapons
fastening materials
shoe laces

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7
Q

Stone age materials remain an important component of modern life. Choose all materials used in the stone age that remain in use today.
stone (for sharpening knives)
animal hair for automotive seat pads
animal hair for paintbrushes
stones (e.g. flints) for fire starting
stones for decorations
wood for home framing
clay for pottery
animal skins for coats

A

stone (for sharpening knives)
animal hair for automotive seat pads
animal hair for paintbrushes
stones (e.g. flints) for fire starting
stones for decorations
wood for home framing
clay for pottery
animal skins for coats

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8
Q

What “revolutionary” material began to displace the wood, clay, hair, tendon, flint, stone, etc. used in the stone age?

iron
silicon
aluminum
brass
bronze
all materials used by Louis Vuitton for making handbags
potato chips

A

bronze

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9
Q

Bronze was a revolutionary material that entered society and heralded the commencement of a new era of progress. What are the constituents of bronze? Choose all that apply.

Fe
Cu
Al
Si
Sn
Pb
Cr
Ni
Mo
Larry
Curly
Mn

A

Cu and Sn

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10
Q

Bronze offered a remarkable materials advance for society because it could be readily shaped into enduring useful objects. What material processing methods were used to shape objects made of bronze? Choose all that apply.

casting
gluing
machining
hot isostatic pressing
hammering
welding
cementing
weaving
cutting
spinning
twirling
curling

A

casting and hammering

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11
Q

Bronze offered a substantial advantage for fabricating items needed by society. In addition to the ease of fabricating to shape by casting or hammering, what other feature of bronze made it particularly useful to society?
high electrical conductivity
low thermal conductivity - useful for cooking utensils
corrosion resistance
low electrical conductivity
it could be made “pretty”
high thermal conductivity - useful for making cooking pots

A

corrosion resistance

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12
Q

Bronze was an important material because it was easy to shape by hammering or casting and offered tremendous corrosion resistance. What is the basis for bronze’s corrosion resistance?

atomic bonding characteristics
spontaneous formation of an oxide layer
spontaneous formation of crystal structure
distribution of electrons
resistance to oxidation

A

spontaneous formation of an oxide layer

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13
Q

Bronze has superior corrosion resistance, low friction coefficient and is durable in corrosive environments. These properties result in extensive use of bronze for applications that continue to the present day. These applications include (choose all that apply):

bushings
bearings in machinery
marine hardware
coinage
sculpture
surgical instruments
household hardware
dental appliances
orthopaedic implants

A

bushings
bearings in machinery
marine hardware
coinage
sculpture
household hardware

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14
Q

What material largely displaced bronze in society (and for which an era is so named)?

iron
stone
brass
silicon
peanut butter
polyethylene
polymers

A

iron

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15
Q

Iron largely displaced bronze in society. Why did iron replace bronze - choose all reasons that apply.

superior control of hardness
abundance in earth’s crust
economics of processing
none of the choices listed
superior flavor when mixed with marinara and pasta

A

superior control of hardness
abundance in earth’s crust
economics of processing

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16
Q

Steel is an important material accompanying the iron age. Steel is made by alloying iron chiefly with what other material?

O
Sn
As
Ni
Cr
C
Co
Mo

A

C

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17
Q

Iron ore is treated with a reducing agent (most commonly, CO obtained from charcoal) to convert iron oxide to pure Fe. What is the name of the process used to process iron ore to pure iron?

melting
smelting
fretting
vetting
flaming
heating
quenching

A

smelting

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18
Q

Structural steel is ubiquitous in modern society. Reasons for this include the ready engineering control of material strength to meet in-service requirements. Choose all methods used to control the strength of structural steel.

electrifying
magnetizing
alloying
processing
smelting
refining
distilling
liquifying

A

alloying, processing

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19
Q

What are the biomedical applications of iron (unalloyed with other materials)? Choose all that apply.

Orthopaedic implants
dental restorations
Orthodontic appliances
cardiac pacemaker cases
total joint implants
none of the choices listed

A

none of the choices listed

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20
Q

Ceramic materials consist of a metal and a non-metal. Choose all features of ceramics that have biomedical relevance.

hardness
corrosion resistance
ductile
malleable
low wear
low friction
tough
aesthetics
conducting
low melting point

A

hardness
corrosion resistance
low wear
low friction
aesthetics

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21
Q

The largest disadvantage of ceramics used for biomedical applications is:

thermal conducting
electrical insulating
mechanical brittleness
mechanical strength
surface roughness

A

mechanical brittleness

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22
Q

What’s a “mer” when used to describe a non-metallic, non-ceramic material?

fundamental unit of structure
basic crystal structure
essential ingredients from a stoichiometric perspective
mechanical process
chemical process
none of the choices listed

A

fundamental unit of structure

23
Q

Prior societies were characterized by the materials in common use, e.g. stone, bronze and iron. What materials listed below might be considered characteristic of contemporary society? Choose all that apply.

silicon
polymers (in general)
composites
refractories
super alloys
nanomaterials
materials used to make Louis Vuitton handbags

A

silicon
polymers (in general)
composites
super alloys
nanomaterials

24
Q

What determines material structure? Choose all that apply.

purpose for which material is used
engineering properties of the material
composition of the material
origin of the material
processing of the material
history of the material
cost of the material

A

composition of the material, processing of the material

25
Q

What’s the chief difference between primary chemical bonds and secondary chemical bonds?

electron number
electron orbital
electron transfer or sharing
electron spin
electron charge
electron mass

A

electron transfer or sharing

26
Q

True or false: chemical bonding is one of the major determinants of material type, i.e. metal, ceramic, polymer, etc

A

True

27
Q

The chief determinant of chemical bond type refers to:

the number of protons in the nucleus
the number of neutrons in the nucleus
the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
the solution to the Schrodinger equation and its effects on the nucleus
the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus
the behavior of the valence electrons

A

the behavior of the valence electrons

28
Q

An element with 6 protons and 6 neutrons and 6 electrons would have what number in the periodic table?

6
12
18
12,001
insufficient information to answer this question

A

6

29
Q

An element with 6 protons and 6 neutrons in the nucleus must have how many electrons in all orbitals?

6
12
18
3
insufficient information to answer this question

A

6

30
Q

Why can’t materials scientists image individual electrons so that their position in various orbitals can be precisely determined?

Newton’s Laws indicate this cannot be done
the Second Law of Thermodynamics indicates this cannot be done
the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle indicates this cannot be done
the laws of chemical equilibrium indicate this cannot be done
the laws of Kentucky indicate this cannot be done

A

the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle indicates this cannot be done

31
Q

Electrons have a dual nature. Choose the two natures that electrons can have.

wave
image
particle
ghost
something not listed

A

wave & particle

32
Q

Regarding the particle-like nature of the electron, which model(s) of the atom best describes this nature? Choose all that apply.

planetary model
dot model
cloud model
probability model
none of the choices listed

A

planetary model
dot model

33
Q

Regarding the wave-like nature of the electron, which model(s) of the atom best describes this nature? Choose all that apply.

planetary
dot
cloud
probability
none of the choices listed

A

cloud
probability

34
Q

3D plots depicting the probability of locating a particular electron are determined by solutions to the:

equation related to the first law of thermodynamics
equation related to Newton’s second law
equation related to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
equation developed by Schrodinger
equation developed by Archimedes

A

equation developed by Schrodinger

35
Q

True or false: the energy levels of the electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom are not located in discrete orbitals.

True
False

A

False

36
Q

How many bonds does C make with multiple neighboring atoms?

1
2
3
4
5

A

4

37
Q

Which of the following words best describes what happens to a valence electron in an atom that participates in ionic bonding with another atom.

share
group
steal
flirt

A

steal

38
Q

Which of the following words best describes what happens to a valence electron in an atom that participates in covalent bonding with another atom.

share
group
steal
flirt

A

share

39
Q

Which of the following words best describes what happens to a valence electron of an atom that participates in metallic bonding with another atom.

share
group
steal
flirt

A

group

40
Q

Which of the following words best describes what happens to a valence electron of an atom that participates in van Der Waals bonding with another atom.

share
group
steal
flirt

A

flirt

41
Q

Which of the following chemical bonds are always directional? Choose all that apply.

ionic
covalent
metallic
van Der Waals

A

covalent

42
Q

True or false: ionization of an atom does not change the effective size of the atom?

A

false

43
Q

True or false: C can form only single bonds.

A

false

44
Q

Which of the following parameters best provides information about the strength of a chemical bond?

atomic number
atomic weight
melting temperature
hardness
mechanical strength

A

melting temperature

45
Q

True or false: all chemical bonds are either wholly metallic, ionic, covalent, van Der Waals or hydrogen.

A

false

46
Q

What determines the angle of a chemical bond?

number of electrons determining electron direction
directional nature of electron arrangement
directional nature of valence electron sharing
directional nature of the bond itself
none of the choices listed

A

directional nature of valence electron sharing

47
Q

Why does Cu have excellent thermal conductivity?

electron number
valence electron placement
electron delocalization
electron localization
electron arrangement
none of the choices listed

A

electron delocalization

48
Q

Since well-defined electron sharing does not occur in metals, this confers metals with the property known as:

hardness
toughness
anisotropy
strength
rigidity
elasticity
ductility

A

toughness

49
Q

Bonding between water molecules is a manifestation of:

instantaneous dipoles
induced dipoles
permanent dipoles
semi-permanent dipoles
none of the choices listed
may poles

A

permanent dipoles

50
Q

Bonding between argon molecules is a manifestation of:

instantaneous dipoles
permanent dipoles
semi-permanent dipoles
may poles
none of the choices listed

A

instantaneous dipoles

51
Q

Which of the following molecules has a zero dipole moment?

water
carbon dioxide
ice
steam
none of the choices listed, they all have a significant dipole moment

A

carbon dioxide

52
Q

Which of the following has the correct ranking of bond strength, reading from left (strongest) to right (weakest)

ionic, metallic, covalent, van Der Waals, hydrogen
ionic, covalent, metallic hydrogen, van Der Waals
metallic, ionic, covalent, hydrogen, van Der Waals
covalent, ionic, metallic, hydrogen, van Der Waals
covalent, metallic, ionic, van Der Waals, hydrogen
metallic, ionic, covalent, van Der Waals, hydrogen

A

ionic, covalent, metallic hydrogen, van Der Waals

53
Q

A major challenge to engineers is to find parameter(s) reflective of the process or property of interest that is measurable and reproducible. Parameters reflecting the chemical bonds include (choose all that apply):

chemical bond length
chemical bond energy
melting point of a pure material containing only one atomic species
none of the choices listed

A

chemical bond length
chemical bond energy
melting point of a pure material containing only one atomic species

54
Q

A major challenge to engineers is to find parameter(s) reflective of the process or property of interest that is measurable and reproducible. Parameters reflecting the crystalline structure of materials include (choose all that apply):

length of crystal axes
angles of crystal axes
coordination numbers
packing factors
stacking factors
clacking factors
none of the choices listed

A

length of crystal axes
angles of crystal axes
coordination numbers
packing factors

55
Q

True or false: directional bonding implies that a material may have properties in one direction that are the same as any other direction

A

false

BME 350 (5 decks)

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