Quiz 1 Flashcards
List the 6 methods of tactical breaching
Manual, mechanical, ballistic/shotgun, exothermic/therma, explosive, surreptitious
Define tactical breaching, and how that may apply to the use of explosives
Using the precise amount of explosives to gain entry
Define what an explosion is
The process of a substance turning into a gaseous state
List two catagories in which explosives are catagorized
High explosives, and low explosives
What is the speed that distinguishes between “burning” and “detonation?”
1300 ft/sec
What are the 3 rates of combustion
Ordinary, deflagration, detonation
Of the three types of explosions, which one applies to explosive breaching
Detonation
What three effects are produced as a result of the combustion process
Heat, light, release of gas
Define an oxidize and it’s relationship with explosive compounds
oxidizers are added to explosives in order to support the detonation process or instantaneous combustion
What is generally required for low explosives to detonate
Confinement
What is generally required for a high explosive to detonate
A shock wave of considerable force
What type of work effect is associated with low explosives
Pushing/heavy work effect
What type of work effect is associated with high explosives
Shattering work effect (brisance)
List the three work effects achieved when utilizing explosives for breaching operations
Blast, cut, push
What is high order detonation
A complete detonation of an explosive at its highest possible velocity. The entire mass was consumed at the velocity normally expected
What is a low order detonation
Either an incomplete detonation, or a complete detonation lower than its highest possible velocity
What 5 factors cause low order detonation
- Detonator of inadequate power
- Insufficient contact between the detonator and explosive
- Lack of continuity in the explosive (air gap)
- Critical diameter less than required
- Low density within the explosive column
Define tamping and explain it’s application to tactical explosive breaching
A medium placed over the explosive, which will increase the work/push effect by sustaining the duration of the shock impulse
Explain what is meant by reflective over pressure and how it relates to explosive breaching
This is created when blast pressure waves strike surfaces around the detonation point and reflect in different directions
Give an example of how the diffracted loading process may affect the entry team stack
The leading edge of over pressure diffracts around an object in its path - like a ballistic shield
Explain the definition of an explosive train
A series of arranged explosives to achieve a desired result
A license to conduct blasting operations in the state of California is issued by
Cal-OSHA
List two factors which determine damage and casualties from over pressure
?Distance and duration
Whenever conflicts between federal, state, or local explosive regulations are encountered, which jurisdiction or agency authority must be adhered to
The more stringent one
