Quiz 1

Question 1

Plankton

Answer 1

Passively drifting or weakly swimming organisms that are not independent from of currents. Includes mostly microscopic algae, protozoa, and larval forms of animals

Question 2

Phytoplankton

Answer 2

Algal plankton. One of the most important communities of primary producers in the ocean

Question 3

Zooplankton

Answer 3

Animal plankton

Question 4

Holoplankton

Answer 4

Organisms that spend their entire life as members of the plankton

Question 5

Meroplankton

Answer 5

Planktonic larval forms of organisms that are members of the benthos or nekton as adults

Question 6

Dinoflagellates

Answer 6

A single celled microscopic planktonic organism that may possess chlorophyll and belong to the phylum Pyrrophyta (autotrophic) or may ingest food belong to the class Mastigophora of the phylum Protozoa (heterotrophic)

Question 7

Flagella

Answer 7

A flagellum is a projection of cells in the form of a whip that participates in the locomotion of single-celled organisms and in the movement of various substances in more complex organisms.

Question 8

Diatoms

Answer 8

a class of algae that are contained in a microscopic shell called a test (silica)

Question 9

Nekton

Answer 9

Pelagic animals such as adult squids, fish, and mammals that are active swimmers to the extent that they can determine their position in the ocean by swimming

Question 10

Benthos

Answer 10

The forms of marine life that live on the ocean bottom

Question 11

Deep scattering layer

Answer 11

A layer of marine organisms in the open ocean that scatter signals from an echo sounder. It migrates daily from depths of slightly over 100 meters at night to more than 800 meters during the day

Question 12

Primary Productivity

Answer 12

The rate at which energy is stored by organisms through the formation of organic matter (carbon-based compounds) using energy derived from solar radiation (photosynthesis) or chemical reactions (chemosynthesis)

Question 13

Photosynthesis

Answer 13

The process by which plants and algae produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water in presence of chlorophyll, using light energy and releasing oxygen

Question 14

Biomass

Answer 14

The total mass of a defined organism or group of organisms in a particular community or in the ocean as a whole

Question 15

Chlorophyll

Answer 15

A group of green pigments that make it possible for plants to carry on photosynthesis

Question 16

Euphotic zone

Answer 16

A layer that extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth where enough light exists to support photosynthesis, rarely deeper than 100 m

Question 17

Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs)

Answer 17

A reddish-brown discoloration of surface water, usually in coastal areas, caused by high concentrations of microscopic organisms, usually dinoflagellates. It normally results from increased availability of certain nutrients. Toxins produced by the dinoflagellates may kill fish directly; decaying plant and animal remains or large populations of animals that migrate to the area of abundant plants may also deplete the surface waters of oxygen and cause asphyxiation of many animals.

Question 18

Producer

Answer 18

the autotrophic component of an ecosystem that produces the food that supports the biocommunity

Question 19

Consumer

Answer 19

An animal within an ecosystem that consumes the organic mass produced by the producers

Question 20

Decomposer

Answer 20

Primarily bacteria that break down nonliving organic material, extract some of the products of decomposition for their own needs, and make available the compounds needed for primary production.

Question 21

Suspension/Filter feeding

Answer 21

The process by which an organism obtains its food by filtering seawater to collect floating organisms to ingest. Also known as suspension feeding.

Question 22

Deposit feeding

Answer 22

The process by which an organism feeds on food items that occur as deposits, including detritus and various detritus coated sediment

Question 23

Carnivorous feeding

Answer 23

The process by which an organism feeds solely on on other animals as food items

Question 24

Trophic level

Answer 24

A nourishment level in a food chain. Plant producers lowest level, followed by herbivores and a series of carnivores at the higher levels

Question 25

Food web

Answer 25

A group of interrelated food chains

Question 26

Biomagnification

Answer 26

Concentration of impurities as animals are eaten and the impurity is passed through the food chain

Question 27

Autotroph

Answer 27

Algae, plants, and bacteria that can synthesize organic compounds from inorganic nutrients.

Question 28

Classifying major organisms

Answer 28

Plankton, Nekton, Benthos

Question 29

Who is part of phytoplankton?

Answer 29

Green algae (cyanobacteria), Coccolithophores, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates

Question 30

Who is part of Zooplankton?

Answer 30

Meroplankton, Holoplankton, Protists

Question 31

Who is part of Bacterial plankton?

Answer 31

Picoplankton

Question 32

Requirements to be a phytoplankton?

Answer 32

1) Stay in upper portion of water column, 2) have available nutrients
3)Effectively take in these nutrients from surrounding waters
4) expel waste materials

Question 33

Have you reviewed the midlatitudes, tropical latitudes and high latitudes productivity rates?

Answer 33

ye

Question 34

Primary Productivity equation

Answer 34

6CO2 + 6H20 —> produces (sunlight & chlorophyll) glucose (C6H12O6) + 6O2

Question 35

Where is the photic zone deepest?

Answer 35

Open Ocean

Question 36

Which area has higher productivity rates?

Answer 36

Coastal areas because of upwelling

Question 37

What are potential HAB species in the Puget Sound?

Answer 37

Pseudo-nitzschia, Alexandrium, Dinophysis, heterosigma (toxic) Noctiluca, Chaetoceros, Akashiwo (non toxic)

Question 38

Have you reviewed the plankton density formula?

Answer 38

YE

Question 39

What allows cells to get nutrients? How do they work?

Answer 39

Diffusion, stuff passes through and out
Osmosis, semipermeable membrane only lets certain things in and out

Question 40

Why do we dislike thermoclines?

Answer 40

Creates “lid” for nutrients and makes it hard to access the nutrients from the deep, lower primary productivity