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Maternity > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Risk Factors for Poor Perinatal Outcomes

A
  • preexisting medical conditions
  • genetic factors
  • age
  • env
  • teratogens
  • risk for pregnancy complication
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2
Q

Nagael’s rule

A

Last menstrual period - 3 months + 7 days and ( 1 year = if necessary)

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3
Q

gravida

A
  • number of pregnancies
  • primi-gravida - 1st pregnancy
  • multi-gravida - 2 or more pregnancies
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4
Q

para

A
  • description of pregnancy outcomes; 2 methods
  • single number - pregnancies that have reached viability
  • four number (TPAL) system
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5
Q

TPAL

A

T - pregnancies that ended in term birth
P - pregnancies that ended in preterm birth
A - number of pregnancies that did not reach viability (<20 wks)
L - # of living children

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6
Q

Pregnancy Tests are based on

A

recognition of hCG or beta subunit of hCG

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7
Q

Pregnancy Hormones

A
  • Progesterone: high from corpus luteum; inhibits uterine activity
  • hCG
  • Estrogen: promotes growth of uterine tissues
  • hPL: human placental lactogen; insulin antagonist; triggers breastmilk production
  • prostaglandin: stimulates labor
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8
Q

Signs and symptoms of pregnancy

A
  • presumptive: missed period, breast tenderness, nausea
  • Probable: goodell’s sign, chadwick’s sign, hegar’s sign, ballottement, positive uterine test
  • positive: U/S; FHR; fetal movement
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9
Q

Goodell’s sign

A

softening of the cervix

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10
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

bluish-purplish discoloration

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11
Q

Hegar’s sign

A

softening of the uterus

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12
Q

Ballottement

A

examiner feels “floating fetus”

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13
Q

1st trimester psychological adaptations

A

ambivalence; not real

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14
Q

2nd trimester psychological adaptations

A

self-absorbed; preganncy becomes real

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15
Q

3rd trimester psych adaptations

A

fears about baby’s well being; fears about delivery

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16
Q

musculoskeletal adaptations to pregnancy

A
  • change in center of gravity
  • increase in relaxin
  • increased lordosis
17
Q

lordosis

A

curvature of lumbar spinal vertebrae; “waddling gait”

18
Q

relaxin

A

relaxes connective tissue

19
Q

nutritional needs during pregnancy

A
  • energy needs - weight gain
20
Q

pattern for weight gain

A

25-35 lb total
- normal: 0.5-2kg during 1st trimester
- avg gain of 0.45 kg during last two trimesters

21
Q

BMI <19.8 weight gain

A

28-40 lb

22
Q

BMI >25 weight gain

A

15 to 25 lb

23
Q

tissues of the placenta

A

fetal: chorionic villi
maternal: decidua basalis, cotyledons

24
Q

function of placenta

A

metabolic and gas exchange
- hormone production
- amniotic fluid regulation

25
Q

what carries oxygenated blood form maternal side of placenta

A

umbilical vein

26
Q

pathway of blood to fetus

A
  1. from mother -> oxygenated blood via umbilical vein
  2. crosses ductus venosus to IVC then into right atrium
  3. cross foramen ovale to left atrium
  4. go to left ventricle then to aorta
  5. blood pumped to pulmonary artery (some)
  6. go through ductus arteriosus into descending aorta
  7. blood returns to placenta through umbilical arteries
27
Q

early term

A

between 37 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days

28
Q

full term

A

between 39 wks 0 days and 40 wks 6 days

29
Q

late term

A

between 41 wks 0 days and 40 wks 6 days

30
Q

postterm

A

between 42 weeks 0 days and beyond

31
Q

reterm

A

less than 37 wga

32
Q

viability

A

capacity to live outside the uterus, around 22 to 24 weeks since LMP, or fetal weight >500 g

33
Q

reproductive system adaptations to pregnancy

A
  • cervix: increased vascularity
  • uterus: changes in size, shape, and position; increases in size with growing fetus; at 20 wks EGA near level of umbilicus
34
Q

pre-eclampsia s/s

A
  • dizziness, blurred vision, scotoma
  • persistent headache
  • edema: facial and hands
  • sig weight gain (2 kg in 1 wk)
  • epigastric pain
  • oliguria
  • seizures
35
Q

foods to minimize/ eleminate

A
  • mercury - tilefish, shark, swordfish, mackerel, tuna
  • soft cheeses
  • sushi
  • undercooked foods
36
Q

CV changes

A
  • Blood volume increases by 50%
  • increased cardiac output; increased demand for iron
  • pulse increases in 2nd trimester until term (10-15 above norm)
  • BP decrease in 2nd trimester, returns to normal at term
  • coagulation in CF 7-10 and venous stasis (low bp when lying down)
37
Q

spontaneous abortions

A
  • 1st trimester: due to fetal genetic abnormalities
  • 2nd trimester more likely related to maternal conditions
38
Q

spontaneous abortion nursing assessment

A
  • vaginal bleeding
  • cramping or contractions
  • VS, pain level
  • client understanding

Maternity (1 decks)

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