quiz 1 Flashcards
Phonetics and phonology
Sounds and their organization in a systemic way
Grammar
Knowledge that the speaker himself has about his own language, and which allows him to codify and decodify utterances and messages.
Morphology
Structure and rules to form words.
Diachronic lingustics
describes and explains language through a LONG PERIOD OF TIME
Reflexivity
Metalinguistics. The language can be used to refer to the language itself.
Prevarication
To lie, to say messages that are not true
Productivity
we can form an infinite number of sentences with already known elements
Discreteness
infinite complex messages can be formed out of smaller (discrete) parts
Arbitrariness
no correlation between the elements of the communicative system and the reality they refer to
Cultural transmission
interactions with other users of the system is necessary to learn certain aspects of a culture
Interchangeability
individuals can send and receive messages
Pragmatic function
language has different purposes
Semanticity
the signals have a meaning
Medium of communication
how language is transmitted
Displacement
Productivity
Prevarication
Reflexivity
Only HUMAN systems
Some communication systems
Interchangeability
Cultural transmission
Arbitrariness
Discreteness
All communication systems:
Medium of communication
Semanticity
Pragmatic function
Descriptive
How language IS. Priority to the spoken language.
Prescriptive
How language SHOULD BE. Belief that there is an ideal state of language. Priority is written language.
Elements of communication (in order)
- Idea
- Encode message
- message transmitted (medium)
- Message recieved
- Decode message
- Idea
Lexical
Vocabulary
Linguistics
Discipline that studies the human language
Performance
The real use of the speaker’s competence.
Semantics
Rules that regulate and explain the meaning of words and sentences.
Sociolinguistics
Science that studies the linguistic differences according to the different social classes, religions, races, etc.
Language is a system
it is a group of signs related among themselves.
Synchronic studies
Description of a language in a specific moment in time.
Pragmatics
It studies how certain words and sentences, expressed in a specific context, show the intent of a speaker.
Prescriptive grammar
Describes and codifies the ‘correct way’ to use a language. It classifies the elements of a language according to their relation to logical categories.
Competence
According to Chomskys model, it is the linguistic knowledge as it is represented in their brain (lexical, phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax..)
Syntax
Structure of sentences and the rules to form correct them.
