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equine nutrition > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is ligin digestible?

A

NO

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2
Q

What is the most important nutrient?

A

water

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3
Q

horses need calcium to phosphorus ratio

A

2:1

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4
Q

what is the hay analysis for horses

A

15 CP , 35 ADF , 45 NDF

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5
Q

within 1 month of age, foals are introduced to

A

feed (grain)

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6
Q

too much starch in the diet causes

A

acidosis (low pH)

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7
Q

what is cortisol ?

A

stress hormone

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8
Q

what does the hindgut consists of?

A

large colon, small colon, cecum

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9
Q

where is the cecum?

A

right side

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10
Q

how many times does the cecum empty

A

once every 2-3mins

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11
Q

mineral oil is not digested

A

true

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12
Q

where is fat located in cell

A

walls of plants/grass/plants

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13
Q

horses do not have a high

A

fat requirement

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14
Q

what organ do horses not have?

A

gailbladder

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15
Q

because horses do not have a gallbladder they do not store what?

A

bile

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16
Q

horses should be encouraged to drink what at all times?

A

water

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17
Q

horses need a very small amount of _____ or it can kill them

A

selenium

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18
Q

starch breakdown does not start in the

A

mouth

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19
Q

horses salvia does not contain much

A

amylase

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20
Q

when temp goes from hot to cold, horses will drink

A

less water

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21
Q

horse meat is

A

sweet due to the horse storing glycogen in the muscle

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22
Q

what does the foregut contain

A

stomach & small instestine

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23
Q

horses are able to eat wheat that is not

A

fully developed (no seed head)

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24
Q

horses are what type of nonruminant

A

herbivore

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25
Q

hindgut fermentation =

A

post gastric fermentation

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26
Q

post gastric fermentation means

A

after the stomach

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27
Q

what are spread throughout the whole digestive tract

A

microbes

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28
Q

where is fiber digested?

A

hindgut

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29
Q

continuous grazers (trickle feeders) are

A

horses eat small amounts frequently

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30
Q

how many hours will horses graze a day?

A

14 -16 hrs

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31
Q

what percent of the day are horses grazing ?

A

64%

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32
Q

how many teeth do female horses have?

A

36 (does not include wolf teeth)

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33
Q

how many teeth do males horses have?

A

40 (does not include wolf teeth)

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34
Q

How many wolf teeth do horses have?

A

1-4

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35
Q

Horses k-9 teeth are used for what?

A

fighting

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36
Q

teeth do what ____ & ___ to food

A

harvest & masticate

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37
Q

when the upper jaw is wider than lower jaw what will happen

A

uneven wear and sharp points on molars

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38
Q

sharp points on upper and lower jaw

A

Upper jaw: points on outside
Lower jaw :points on inside

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39
Q

parrot mouth is an

A

overbite

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40
Q

with parrot mouth, which tooth continues to grow

A

high crown tooth

41
Q

feed is mixed with saliva to facilitate what?

A

chewing and deglutition

42
Q

What are the 3 glands that produce saliva

A

parotid, submaxillary, sublingual

43
Q

Submaxillary saliva gland is the

A

mandibular glands

44
Q

sublingual saliva gland is

A

under the tongue

45
Q

how many lbs of saliva do horses produce a day

A

85lbs per day, 10-12 liters/day or up to 40 liters

46
Q

what is the average amount of chews does a grazing horse

A

60,000x a day

47
Q

the number of chews will dictate what?

A

when/how much saliva will be produced

48
Q

two main functions of saliva

A

lubrication for swallowing
buffering of stomach acids

49
Q

hay diets will require more what?

A

saliva

50
Q

buffering of stomach acids does what

A

helps control pH level (making it less acidic or increasing pH)

51
Q

what happens to horses that chew less

A

they are more likely to have ulcers

52
Q

how long is the esophagus

A

50-60 in (smaller than cows)

53
Q

horses cannot what?

A

vomit

54
Q

the strong cardiac sphincter valve is a

A

very strong muscle

55
Q

the peristalsis is responsible for

A

motility

56
Q

cecotropes

A

tightly bunched feces produced by the cecum

57
Q

the stomach takes up what percent of the digestive system

A

10%

58
Q

the small intestine takes up what percent of the digestive system

A

30%

59
Q

the cecum takes up what percent of the digestive system

A

15%

60
Q

the large and small colon take up what percent of the digestive system

A

45%

61
Q

the stomach has the percent of capacity of the GIT

A

8-10%, can also stretch

62
Q

the stomach produces mostly what?

A

HCl

63
Q

what other things does the stomach produce

A

pepsin (protein) & lipase (lipid breakdown)

64
Q

what does the stomach do even if it is empty?

A

secrete HCl

65
Q

What does the bacteria in the stomach produce?

A

lactic acid and VFAs

66
Q

How much time does it take the stomach to empty

A

15 min to 24 hours

67
Q

foods that have a high density do what in the stomach?

A

stay longer

68
Q

horses consume forage at least

A

every 6 hrs

69
Q

the stomach is mostly empty after

A

6 hrs

70
Q

all fibrous materials will pass in

A

12 hrs

71
Q

horses should not go more than how many hrs in between meals

A

12 hrs

72
Q

What absorbs gastric acids and helps prevent acid from reaching non glandular regions

A

saliva

73
Q

how many gallons of juices go from the pancreas/liver to the dejum?

A

20 gallons

74
Q

What is produced tp protect the stomach

A

mucous

75
Q

food enters into which region

A

non glandular region

76
Q

food leaves which region

A

glandular region

77
Q

where do ulcers most commonly form

A

non glandular region

78
Q

what is the margo plicatus

A

separates the glandular and non glandular sections of the stomach

79
Q

what is the pylorus

A

band of muscle that is almost always open or relaxed

80
Q

the non glandular region does not secrete

A

true

81
Q

Where is HCl produced

A

lower glandular region

82
Q

pH is lower in which region

A

lower glandular region

83
Q

small intestine is how many ft long

A

70 ft or 30% of GIT

84
Q

what is the major organ of digestion

A

small intestine

85
Q

nutrients are absorbed into the

A

blood stream and taken to whatever cells need them

86
Q

how many minutes does it take for food to pass through SI

A

30-60 min

87
Q

what are the two types of digestion

A

enzymatic and fermentation

88
Q

what is the cecum

A

blind sac 4 ft long

89
Q

what do microbes do?

A

break down fibrous feed

90
Q

how long does feed remain in cecum

A

7 hrs

91
Q

horses cannot digest fiber.. the what digests the fiber?

A

microbes

92
Q

how long is the colon (small & large)

A

10-12 ft

93
Q

how long does the food stay in the colon

A

48-65 hrs

94
Q

the colon is a major site of

A

water absorption resulting in fecal ball formation

95
Q

what monitors and modifies the GIT function ( brain of the gut)

A

enteric nervous system

96
Q

how many Mcals are in 1lb of hay

A

1 Mcals

97
Q

end products of hindgut fermentation

A

VFAs, acetate, propionate

98
Q

VFAs, acetate, propionate contribute to

A

25% of the energy supply

equine nutrition (1 decks)

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