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LS 229 - Selected Topics in Criminology > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

Modules 1-4

1
Q

What are penitentiaries and what types of crimes are in this type of facility?

A

Federal prisons, usually for more serious crimes and more violent offenders

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2
Q

What are provincial institutions also called? (3)

A

Jails, detention centres, reformatories

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3
Q

What types of crimes are provincial institutions for?

A

Less serious crimes

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4
Q

Elements of offenders in maximum security institutions (4)

A

Lengthy sentence, risk of violence, security risk, risk of escape

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5
Q

What is Millhaven

A

Maximum security institution, also a classification system to determine how violent the offender is

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6
Q

What is the uniqueness of the Kingston riot

A

One of the most violent in Canadian history, prisoners took control of entire prison

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7
Q

What books did Caron write? (2)

A

Bingo and Go Boy

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8
Q

What has changed about Kingston Penitentiary?

A

Now mainly a protective custody institution with a regional treatment centre for psychiatric patients

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9
Q

What happened to the 50 informants’ names?

A

Fell into the hands of the 13 accused

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10
Q

How did the names of the Kingston pen informants fall into the hands of the accused?

A

Crown passed the statements with names to the defence on the promise that the names would not be revealed, however, one defence attorney passed it on

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11
Q

What did correctional services do with the informants once the rat list was created?

A

They removed these inmates from the various penitentiaries and moved them back to Kingston which was empty as a form of protective custody

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12
Q

How did both the Kingston riot and correctional services moving the informants back to Kingston change policy and the Kingston prison?

A

Previous policy was to have them in a separate wing of gen. pop, but during the riot the rioters accessed that wing so now Kingston primarily operates as a protective custody institution

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13
Q

Did any inmates report rumours about the riot to authorities?

A

No

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14
Q

Was the inmates not reporting the riot common or uncommon? Why?

A

Uncommon, most inmates don’t want anything to do with a riot

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15
Q

Who was the Kingston Pen riot initially led by?

A

Billie Knight

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16
Q

What was a way the inmate leaders got the attention of the prison population?

A

Banging a metal bar against the railings

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17
Q

What was a big criticism on the warden of Kingston pen?

A

Knight demanded that the 50 inmates in the gym be released to the general population, warden agreed which was bad because there were undesirables in this population, warden could have taken them out the door he used to enter but didn’t

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18
Q

What do undesirables consist of?

A

Informants and sex offenders

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19
Q

What was 1-D wing

A

Protective custody wing of the prison that held inmate undesirables

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20
Q

Who was stigmatized against in prison?

A

Anyone who entered 1-D

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21
Q

Who was Brian Ensor

A

Lived in gen. pop., known child molester, inmates beat him up during the Kingston riot, but he wasn’t killed

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22
Q

Why didn’t the inmates kill Brian Ensor, what was the real reason

A

They said he screamed to much, but they actually didn’t want to be convicted of murder because there were so many witnesses

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23
Q

Who became the inmate leader after Knight?

A

Barry MacKenzie

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24
Q

Is a change of the person in charge of a riot a common occurance or uncommon?

A

Uncommon

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25
Q

What was the Kangaroo court in Kingston pen?

A

Shepley would ask the inmates if they thought an undesirable was guilty or not and they would give a thumbs up or down

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26
Q

Are prison riots patterned or not?

A

Patterned

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27
Q

Are prison riots predictable or unpredictable?

A

Predictable

28
Q

How long do riots usually last?

A

Few days

29
Q

Difference between riot and disturbance

A

Riot: disturbances where a large section of the prison population is involved, they take guards as hostages, last a few days, very uncommon

Disturbance: inmates rise up and destroy prison property, no hostages, handful of inmates, end quickly, fairly common

30
Q

What are the patterns in initial stages in prison riots? (8)

A

Chaotic, opportunistic, inmates can break down certain barriers, grab guard hostages, release other inmates, usually no clear organization, happens quickly, spree of destruction

31
Q

What amount of inmates take part in destruction?

A

Small amount

32
Q

Why do many inmates not participate in destruction? (4)

A

They are worried about legal trouble, the fear violence, don’t want to lose privileges, don’t want their property destroyed after riots

33
Q

What do riot leaders do? (3)

A

Take charge of the riot, control other inmates, and direct the negotiations

34
Q

What group of inmates are riot leaders usually part of?

A

Inmate elite

35
Q

T or F: Inmate riot leaders are the same people who started the riot

A

False

36
Q

What are the three mechanisms through which leaders emerge. Which one is the most common?

A
  1. Leaders simply assume power due to there being a vacuum (most common)
  2. Leader is asked or appointed by others
  3. Leader emerges through an election
37
Q

What is the inmate elite?

A

Certain inmates who have a good deal of status and prestige amongst other inmates

38
Q

What is the inmate elite usually referred to as? (3)

A

Right guy, solid, real man

39
Q

What is the most common and dangerous form of violence during prison riots?

A

Inmates against other inmates, especially undesirables

40
Q

How are attacks on undesirables justified by inmates?

A

Technique of neutralization: denial of the victim as they argue that the victim is getting what they deserve

41
Q

When does most violence against guards occur?

A

Mostly in the initial stage when they are overpowered

42
Q

What is the best way to end a riot?

A

Through negotiations

43
Q

What have prison authorities learned about riots and inmates? What does this usually lead to?

A

If they allow inmates an opportunity to escape a riot, they will take that change which undermines the prison leadership and usually leads to the end of a prison riot fairly quickly

44
Q

What is a big part of prison riot prevention?

A

If there is any kind of dissatisfaction going on in the prison, authorities will try and intervene quickly

45
Q

What is the powder key theory?

A

Unfortunate prison conditions created feelings of frustration, bitterness, and unrest in the inmate population which eventually explodes into a riot or disturbance

46
Q

What two elements must be present for powder keg theory?

A
  1. A foundation of dissatisfaction
  2. An incident that sparks dissatisfaction into rebellion
47
Q

What are the two critiques of powder key theory?

A
  1. The defects listed in the theory cannot be regarded as major causes
  2. Many riots seem to occur when authorities are creating improvements in prison conditions
48
Q

What theory is not substantiated by facts?

A

The theory that riots are started for inmates who use it as a cover to escape

49
Q

What do Hartung and Floch believe about prison riots?

A

Prison officials in the past allowed a semi-official inmates governments to run the prison, when this government is removed unrest increases significantly

50
Q

What do Sykes and Cloward contend about prison riots?

A

An unofficial inmate self-government arises and exerts a conservative influence on the rest of the inmate population, when the power and privileges of inmate leaders are reduced, a situation of anomie develops for them and the bitterness may result in a riot

51
Q

Who are guards more likely to be killed by; inmates or emissionaries?

A

Emissionaries

52
Q

How does society differentiate different types of killing?

A

Acceptable such as self defence and prohibited such as what is prohibited under the cc

53
Q

Are guards legitimate or not legitimate targets?

A

Not legitimate

54
Q

T or F: Inmate subculture is not in total conflict with society’s values

A

T

55
Q

Is animosity towards guards general or specific?

A

Specific

56
Q

What are the 5 hypotheses regarding why inmates may protect guards?

A
  1. Moral prohibitions
  2. Friendships and alliances
  3. Fear of repercussions
  4. Rewards
  5. Barter
57
Q

How do each of the 5 hypotheses work in terms of undesirables?

A

They don’t, no moral prohibitions with harming undesirables, undesirables have few friends/alliances, the administration only values guards’ lives, no rewards for protecting them because administration doesn’t value them, undesirables are not useful as barter

58
Q

What are the four categories of hostage takers?

A
  1. Inmates who riot within a prison
  2. Escaping criminals or cornered criminals
  3. Emotionally violent persons
  4. Terrorists
59
Q

Explain Robert Merton’s theory of Anomie

A

Essentially, Anomie happens when people aspire for certain goals but legitimate means to obtain those are blocked

60
Q

Explain Merton’s Anomie in relation to prison riots

A

Inmates may have certain forms that they wish for but have no way of obtaining them legitimately, thus a prison riot may represent an illegitimate means of obtaining desired goals

61
Q

What does Merton describe the behaviour of most inmates to be?

A

Retreatist

62
Q

Criticisms of Merton’s Anomie theory (4)

A
  1. This theory suggests that riots are pre-planned, calculated, etc. but research has found that prison riots are often spontaneous and full of anger, violence, etc.
  2. In some prison riots, no demands are made so there are no goals to achieve
  3. Demands are usually created after the riot is started
  4. Demands are created by those who did not start the riot (leaders)
63
Q

What did Durkheim initially coin the term Anomie after?

A

His study of suicide (anomic suicide)

64
Q

What is Durkheim’s theory of anomie (not in relation to prison riots)

A

Anomie is a situation of unfulfilled aspirations which lessens their will to live and they may commit suicide (this is usually related to the business cycle)

65
Q

Describe Durkheim’s theory of anomie in relation to prison riots

A

Any situation in a prison that adversely affects inmate aspirations may spark a riot

66
Q

What is a key variable in Durkheim’s anomie theory in relation to prison riots? Explain this variable in relation to prison riots

A

Change - Any change in the administration and organization of the prison that adversely affects the goals and aspirations of inmates may create enough dissatisfaction to cause a riot

LS 229 - Selected Topics in Criminology (1 decks)

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