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Adv. Pharm > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Spectrum of s/s of serotonin syndrome:

A
  • akathisia/agitation
  • tremor
  • AMS
  • inducible clonus
  • sustained clonus
  • muscular hypertonicity
  • hyperthermia
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2
Q

Receptor involved in serotonin syndrome:

A

5HT-1A in the CNS

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3
Q

Medication classes associated with serotonin syndrome:

A
  • MAOI
  • TCA
  • SSRI
  • SNRI
  • opioids
  • OTC cough meds
  • Abx
  • Weight reduction agents
  • Antiemetics
  • Antimigraine agents
  • Drugs of abuse
  • Herbals
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4
Q

Pharmacodynamics:

A
  • fundamental action of a drug on a physiological, biochemical, or molecular level
  • what the drug does to the body
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5
Q

Pharmacokinetics:

A
  • study of the disposition of drugs
  • ADME
  • what the body does to the drug
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6
Q

Tolerance:

A
  • requiring more of a drug to get a similar effect over time
  • hyporeactive 2* exposure
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7
Q

Drug holiday:

A

temporary break from a med to help reset tolerance level

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8
Q

Tachyphylaxis:

A

development of rapid tolerance; first dose gives an effect, next dose requires more med to get same effect

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9
Q

Agonist:

A

substance which alters the physiology of a cell by binding to plasma membranes or intracellular receptors

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10
Q

Direct acting agonist:

A

binds to a receptor and causes an effect
(e.g. epi causes B1 stimulation)

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11
Q

Affinity:

A

strength of binding between a drug and its receptor

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12
Q

Indirect acting agonist:

A

assists NT to cause stimulation
(e.g. AChE inhibitor)

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13
Q

Antagonist:

A
  • affinity to a receptor but no effect
  • blocks other NT meds
    (e.g. BB block NE and epi @ receptor)
  • 1+0=0
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14
Q

Additive effect:

A
  • response elicited by combined drugs is equal to the combined responses of the individual drugs
  • 1+1=2
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15
Q

Synergistic effect:

A
  • response elicited by combined drugs is greater than the combined responses of the individual drugs
  • 1+1=3
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16
Q

Potentiation:

A
  • a drug that has no [desired] effect enhances the effect of a second drug
  • 0+1=2
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17
Q

Half-life:

A

time it takes to reduce total concentration by 50%

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18
Q

Steady state concentration is reached at how many half-lives?

A

5 - 5.5

19
Q

Therapeutic index:

A
  • measure of safety
  • higher is better
  • TI = LD50/ED50
20
Q

Bioavailability:

A

how much of the drug is available for use; expressed as a %

21
Q

2 factors that play a role in first pass effect:

A

1) route of administration
2) lipophilicity

22
Q

Enzyme induction:

A

increase of activity of enzyme systems by another agent, thereby increasing drug metabolism and decreasing the drug effect

23
Q

Enzyme inhibition:

A

decrease of activity of enzyme systems by another agent, thereby decreasing drug metabolism and increasing drug effect

24
Q

Factors affecting GI absorption in the elderly:

A

decreased:
- gastric secretion
- pH
- number of microvilli
- absorbing surface
- blood flow across liver and intestine
- stomach emptying

25
Q

The (extent/speed) of absorption is decreased in the elderly.

A

speed

26
Q

Factors that favor transport across cell membranes:

A
  • low MW
  • concentration
  • high lipid solubility
  • non-polar
  • uncharged
  • active transport
27
Q

Formula for half-life:

A

t 1/2 = (Vd x 0.63) / clearance

28
Q

R-NH2 acts as a (acid/base) and is (ionized/unionized) in an acidic solution

A
  • base
  • ionized in an acidic solution
29
Q

Lipophilic drugs have a (high/low) Vd

A

high
- rapidly redistribute in the body

30
Q

Hydrophilic drugs have a (high/low) Vd

A

low
- typically ionized, 4* structures that cannot easily cross the cell membrane

31
Q

Phase I hepatic metabolism:

A
  • oxidation
  • reduction
  • hydrolysis
    (CYP450)
32
Q

Phase II hepatic metabolism:

A
  • glucuronidation
  • acetylation
  • methylation
  • sulfonation
    (conjugation)
33
Q

Hepatic enzyme responsible for the majority of drug metabolism:

A

CYP 34A

34
Q

Factors that can affect the effects of a drug:

A
  • age
  • metabolic function
  • renal function
  • genetics
35
Q

A competitive antagonist has…

A

affinity but no efficacy

36
Q

List the potential consequences of a polymorphism:

A
  • lack of prodrug activation
  • lack of efficacy
  • drug toxicity
  • adverse drug reactions
  • extended pharmacological effects
  • decrease the effective dose
  • require a higher dose
37
Q

Function of the CYP450 system is to make (nonpolar/polar) drugs (nonpolar/polar)

A

nonpolar –> polar

38
Q

Stimulation of the B1 receptor results in (increased/decreased) cAMP

A

increased cAMP

39
Q

QTc prolongation can lead to which dysrhythmia? What is the treatment?

A

Torsades
treatment=Magnesium

40
Q

Erythromycin is an (inducer/inhibitor) of the CYP34A enzyme and can therefore lead to ______.

A

inhibitor
- increased plasma concentrations
- QTc prolongation (–> Torsades)

41
Q

MH is caused by a mutation in which receptor?

A

Ryanodine

42
Q

MH triggers include:

A

Succinylcholine and inhaled volatiles

43
Q

Parecoxib is a ______ that requires activation before it can be effective

A

Prodrug

44
Q

Two routes of administration that can undergo first pass metabolism include:

A

PO and rectal

Adv. Pharm (5 decks)

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