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GEO 570 - Quiz 1 > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the legend of the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy?

A

that it was the hunting paths of ancient Celtic warriors

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2
Q

What did Darwin believe about the Parallel Roads of Glen Roy?

A

that Scotland was submurged by the sea and had eventually risen, creating wave cut marine beaches

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3
Q

Did Darwin defend his theory of the origin of the Parallel Roads?

A

No, he scrambled to defend it and eventually gave up

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4
Q

What is the history/cause of the Parellel Roads of Glen Roy?

A

Glacial ice: vast ice sheets covered much of the Northern Hemisphere and were capable of carving parallel terraces into valley walls and easily move erratic boulders

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5
Q

Who recorded signs of smoothed and striated bedrock that ice had overridden and evidence of tills, moraines and erratic boulders?

A

Jean de Charpentier (1830s)

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6
Q

With regards to glaciers, who realized that many of the same features were present at lower altitudes in norther Europe on a vastly larger scale (e.g. immense gravel deposits)

A

Louis Agassiz’s Ice Age (1836)

conlcusion: features had glacier origin, although they had long vanished

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7
Q

Do scientists agree with Louis Agassiz’s Ice Age theory?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Ice Age in America

Who spotted traces of continental ice sheets in western New York

A

Timothy Abbott Conrad (1839)

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9
Q

Ice Age in America

Geologists figured out that fossil plant layers sandwhiched between sheets of glacial till & different weatherin of moraines. What were these clues of?

A

Multiple episodes of ice advance and retreat

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10
Q

Ice Age in America

Who mapped the four distinct glacial stages?

A

Thomas Chamberlin

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11
Q

Ice Age in America

What were Thomas Chamberlin’s four distinict glacial stages?

A
  1. Nebraskan (followed by the Aftonian interglacial)
  2. Kansan (Yarmouth interglacial)
  3. Illoian (Sangamon interglacial) and
  4. Wisconsin (Holocene interglacial)
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12
Q

Causes of the Ice Ages

Who created a mathematical model of the worlds climates to predect variation in climate across space and through time?

A

Milutin Milankovitch

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13
Q

Cause of the Ice Ages

What did the Milankovitch Cycles calculate?

A

orbitally driven insolation changes by season and by latitude over long periods of earth history

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14
Q

Causes of the Ice Ages

What is insolation?

A

exposure to the sun’s rays

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15
Q

Causes of the Ice Ages

What does insolation vary by?

A

by latitude and season and due to the earth’s orbit being jostled by the gravitational tug of the sun & other plants in a complex Newtonian cotillion

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16
Q

Causes of the Ice Ages

____ tilt reduces insolation and cools down winters and summers

A

higher

17
Q

Causes of the Ice Ages

When changes in the eccentricity and the tilt occur what does this trigger?

A

It triggers the precession of the equinox

18
Q

Understanding Glaciation

Who saw that changing insolation might be the key to understanding glaciation?

A

Wladimir Koppen

19
Q

Understanding Glaciation

______ are primarily a Northern Hemisphere phenomenon

A

Massive, continental- scale ice sheets

with the exception of Antartica and small glaciers high in the Andes and

20
Q

Understanding Glaciation

What happens to glaciers when the temperatures get warmer?

A

Ablation overcomes the accumaltion of ice and the glacier stops moving and may even retreat

21
Q

Understanding glaciation

What happens to glaciers when they pause?

A

Upon pausing, the glacier deposits a gravelly end moraine, evidencing a time when climate was relatively stable

22
Q

Understanding glaciation

What can make the glaciers move quickly?

A

Rapid climate change

23
Q

The present landscape (glaicers)

There were at least ____ major glacial-interglacial epsiodes (of varying intensity) over the last milion years & perhaps twenty over the entire Ice Age

A

ten

24
Q

The present landscape (glaicers)

Only 4 glacial epsiodes were found due perhaps to the buldozing action of later glacial advances. The present landscape was shaped primarily by the Wisconsin glacial stage. How is the Wisconsin glacial stage subdivided?

A
  1. Early Wisconsin (a coolder period marking the onset of this last major glacial episode)
  2. Middle Wisconsin (a relatively warmer period, with glaciers present on the land but much reduced)
  3. Late Wisconsin ( a period of expanded glacisers with ice volume reaching its max and sea levels falling to their min)
  4. Holocene (the present interglacial which we are in today)
25
Q

The Pleistocene

what is the Pleisotcene

A

a geologic era

26
Q

The Pleistocene

Are the Pleistocene and the Holcene similar in landscape, climate and environment?

A

No, they have vast differences

27
Q

The Pleistocene

What did ice sheets do in the Pleistocene era?

A

they caused profund changes to the geography of land, seas, climate and environment

28
Q

The Pleistocene

True or false: Pleistocene was marked by cycles of climate change taking place on varying time scales, where transitions in shorter cycles could be jumpy

A

true

29
Q

The Pleistocene

True or false: The first Americans arrvied during the former part of the Pleistocene

A

False; they arrvied during the latter part and were good at adapting which is especially important towards the rough end of the Pleistocene

30
Q

Pleistocene: the Wisconsin period

Much of Canada and the northernmost United States were burried beneath an ice sheet that comprised of what three sperate ice masses?

A
  1. Innutian
  2. Laurentide
  3. Cordilleran
31
Q

Pleistocene: the Wisconsin period

True or False: Isolated apline glaciers formed south of the Laurentide and Cordilleran

A

True; they were low impact glaciers and the extent depnded on topography, temperature and moisture

32
Q

Pleistocene: the Wisconsin period

Which was the smallest ice sheet that covered the islands of northernmost Canada?

A

the Innutian ice mass

spanned the gap between North America and Greenland

GEO 570 - Quiz 1 (1 decks)

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