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GOVT 101 > quiz 1 > Flashcards

quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

government

A

the institutions through which people are ruled

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2
Q

autocracy

A

power is given to a single individual

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3
Q

oligarchy

A

a form of government in which a small group of people make decisions

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4
Q

democracy

A

a system of rule in which citizens play a key role in the government, usually through elected representatives

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5
Q

constitutional government

A

a government’s power is limited by law

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6
Q

authoritarian government

A

government’s power is not limited by law (but can be limited by societal factors

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7
Q

totalitarian

A

a government’s power is not limited by law and they aim to stop people looking to challenge government

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8
Q

politics

A

conflict and cooperation over the leadership, policies, and structures of the government

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9
Q

jurisdictions

A

domains over where specific institutions have authority

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10
Q

agenda power

A

the power to determine what topics a group will discuss

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11
Q

veto power

A

the power for the Supreme Court to strike down unconstitutional laws. Also the president’s

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12
Q

decisiveness

A

rules that are placed on institutions and determine things like how many votes are needed for votes to pass, when votes can be taken

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13
Q

delegation

A

the transition of power to some other individual

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14
Q

collective action

A

the pooling of resources and the coordination of effort and activity to achieve common goals

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15
Q

free riding

A

people enjoying the benefits without doing anything to deal with the costs

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16
Q

public goods

A

goods that can be enjoyed by all people and people cannot be denied these

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17
Q

tragedy of the commons

A

when public goods are available to everyone, they often become misused, hence a tragedy of the commons

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18
Q

bicameral legislature

A

a legislature separated into two houses

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19
Q

expressed powers

A

Powers specifically granted in the constituion are given to the federal government,

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20
Q

necessary and proper cause

A

the last section of article one section eight that gives congress power to make laws in relation to any of them that are listed above

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21
Q

judicial review

A

the court can determine whether the actions of other branches are unconstitutional

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22
Q

supremacy clause

A

all laws of the federal government are superior to state and local laws

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23
Q

separation of powers

A

the division of power among several institutions that must cooperate in their decision making

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24
Q

federalism

A

the system of government in which a strong regional government decides between a central government or regional governments

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25
Q

checks and balances

A

each branch has their own listed powers, but can also check the other branches and prevent them from gaining too much power

26
Q

tyranny

A

oppressive government that employs the cruel and unjust use of power and authority

27
Q

sovereignty

A

independent political authority

28
Q

implied powers

A

powers that are not specifically listed in the constitution but are derived from the necessary and proper clause

29
Q

reserved powers

A

powers no delegated to the federal government are not denied to the states or the people

30
Q

eminent domain

A

state can take your property for any reason they see fit but you must receive just compensation

31
Q

police powers

A

the powers reserved to the state government to regulate the health, safety, and morals of the citizens

32
Q

concurrent powers

A

power to regulate commerce and effect currency held by the state and national government

33
Q

full faith and credit clause

A

the provision in article iv section 1 requiring that each state normally honor the governmental action and judicial decisions that take place in another state

34
Q

comity clause

A

promotes national unity. It prohibits states from enacting laws that treat citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner. States cannot give special privileges to their residents

35
Q

home rule

A

usually delegation given to larger cities by the state government. A delegation of power given to a local unit to help them manage their own affairs

36
Q

dual federalism

A

pre 1930s america. The system of government that prevailed in the united states from 1789 to 1937 in which fundamental governmental powers were shared between the federal and state governments

37
Q

states rights

A

State’s rights the principle that states should oppose the increasing authority of the national government. Popular before the civil war.

38
Q

cooperative federalism

A
  • a system that has prevailed since the new deal era. In which grants in aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defended goals
39
Q

grants in aid

A

funds given to state and local governments on the condition that they be used for a specific purpose

40
Q

regulated federalism

A

A form of federalism in which Congress imposes legislation on state and local governments that require them to meet national standards

41
Q

formula grants

A

grants-in-aid for which a formula is used to determine the amount of federal funds a state or local government will receive

42
Q

grants in aid

A

for which state and local governments submit proposals to federal agencies, which provide funding for them on a competitive basis

43
Q

unfunded mandates

A

national standards or programs imposed on state and local governments by the federal government without accompanying funding or reimbursement

44
Q

block grants

A

federal funds given to state governments to pay for goods, services or programs, with relatively few restrictions on how the funds may be spent

45
Q

legislative supremacy

A

the preeminent position within the national government that the constitution assigns to congress

46
Q

divided government

A

the condition in american government in which one party controls the presidency while the opposing party controls one or both houses of congress

47
Q

executive privileges

A

the claim that confidential communications between the president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the president

48
Q

civil liberties

A

protections of citizens from improper government action
Focus on what governments should NOT do
Substantive - limit what the government can do
procedural - how the government can act

49
Q

establishment clause

A

the first part of amendment one that says “congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion

50
Q

lemon test

A

a rule articulated in lemon vs kurtzman that says governmental action with respect to religion is permissable if it is secular in purpose, does not lead to excessive entanglement of government with religion, and neither promotes nor inhibits the establishment. Used to give government aid to religious schools

51
Q

free exercise clause

A

the first amendment clause that protects the right of citizens to believe and practice whatever religion they choose

52
Q

strict scutiny

A

the strictest standard of judicial review of a government’s actions in which the government must show that the law serves a compelling state interest

53
Q

clear and present danger

A

the criterion formerly used to determine whether speech is protected based on its capacity to present a clear and present danger to society

54
Q

speech plus

A

speech accompanied by activities such as sit ins, picketing, and demonstrations

55
Q

prior restraint

A

An effort by a government agency to block publication of a newspaper or magazine, censorship

56
Q

libel

A

a written statement made in reckless disregard of the truth amd considered damaging to a victim because it is malicious, scandalous, and defamatory

57
Q

slander

A

an oral statement made in reckless disregard of the truth and considered damaging to a victim because it is malicious, scandalous, and defamatory

58
Q

exclusionary rule

A

the requirement that courts exclude evidence obtained in violation of the fourth amendment

59
Q

grand jury

A

a jury that determines whether sufficient evidence is available to justify a trial. Do not rule on guilt or innocent

60
Q

double jeopardy

A
  • the fifth amendment right that a person cannot be charged twice for the same crime
61
Q

self incrimination

A

protected from the miranda rights to remain silent

62
Q

right to privacy

A

the right to be left alone which has been interpreted by the supreme court to entail the individual access to birth control and abortions

GOVT 101 (1 decks)

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