Quiz 1

Question 1

Differences in training and shaping in classical and instrumental conditioning

Answer 1

Classical = learning to expect outcome
Instrumental = certain behaviors get outcome

Question 2

Differential reinforcement

Answer 2

Only reinforcing certain behavior

Question 3

Successive approximation

Answer 3

Reinforcing behavior that is close to the target behavior

Question 4

What are the response shaping components?

Answer 4

Figuring out what operant response, getting a baseline for the operant behavior, training steps (differential reinforcement or successive approximation), DV = response rate

Question 5

Different procedures for shaping

Answer 5

Appetitive S = pleasing feeling about the outcome
Aversive S = unpleasing feeling about the outcome
Positive = S applied
Negative = S removed
Reinforcement = increases behavior (appetitive)
Punishment = decreases behavior (aversive)

Question 6

Fundamental elements of shaping

Answer 6

Instrumental response (operant behavior), outcome (reinforcer), R-O contingency

Question 7

What is instrumental conditioning?

Answer 7

Behavior that happens due to it previously producing certain outcomes (Response-Outcome learning)

Question 8

What did Thorndike discover with his boxes study?

Answer 8

That successful escapes strengthened the association between the puzzle box (S) and the escape response (R)

Question 9

What is Thorndike’s Law of Effect?

Answer 9

Satisfying outcomes increase association, annoying outcomes decrease association

Question 10

What are discrete-trial procedures?

Answer 10

Involves putting an animal in an apparatus (such as a maze) and taking them out once the correct response has happened

Question 11

What was W. S. Small’s discrete trial test?

Answer 11

Putting rats in mazes with a reinforcer (food or water) at the goal box to measure how fast the animal gets from the start box to the goal box, seeing how running speed increases

Question 12

What is latency?

Answer 12

The time it takes for an animal to present the correct behavior, typically becomes shorter during training

Question 13

What are free-operant procedures?

Answer 13

Procedures which allow the animal to repeat the response over and over again without taking it out of the apparatus

Question 14

What is an operant response?

Answer 14

The effect the behavior has on the environment

Question 15

What is response shaping?

Answer 15

A series of training steps that lead up to a certain desired behavior

Question 16

What is the rate of occurrence?

Answer 16

Frequency of the response per minute, used to measure response probability

Question 17

What is differential reinforcement of other behavior?

Answer 17

Another term for omission training highlighting that’s the individual periodically receives appetitive stimuli