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Astronomy > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the source of energy of a star? Give an example of a star?

A

A nuclear reaction called fusion that happens in the core of a star. Nuclear reactions are different from chemical reactions. Ex: the sun, Sirius, Polaris

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2
Q

What does IAU stand for?

A

International Astronomical Union

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3
Q

What is the solar system?

A

It is composed of the sun, the planets, and various other fragments of rocks

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4
Q

What is our galaxy called?

A

The Milky Way

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5
Q

How many stars (approximately) does a galaxy contain?

A

Between 100 and 400 billion

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6
Q

Give the order of which term contains the other:
- galaxies, universes, planets, solar systems

A

Universe > galaxies > solar systems > planets

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7
Q

What does the moon orbit around?

A

Earth

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8
Q

How long does the cycle of lunar phases last?

A

27 days long

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9
Q

How far is the moon from earth?

A

384 400km

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10
Q

Whose footprint is photographed on the earth?

A

Buzz Aldrin, Apollo 11 astronaut

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11
Q

How many people have stepped on the moon?

A

12 people

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12
Q

What is the atomic number of a chemical element?

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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13
Q

What two elements have the lightest atoms?

A

Hydrogen and helium. They are the most abundant elements in the universe

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14
Q

What is most of earth’s atmosphere made of?

A

Nitrogen and Oxygen

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15
Q

What is the earths crust made of?

A

Two thirds of the atoms: oxygen
One third of the atoms: silicon

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16
Q

What determines the colour of a rock? (Element-wise)

A

Rocks rich in magnesium and iron have a darker colour, and vice versa

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17
Q

What is lunar surface made of?

A

Same things as earth. Oxygen and silicon

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18
Q

What are two types of lands on the moon?

A

Highlands: lighter surfaces
Lowlands: darker surfaces filled with billions of years old solidified iron and magnesium rich lava.

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19
Q

What is the ISS? What is its distance from Earth? How long does it take to complete an orbit?

A

International Space Station. It is at an altitude of about 400km above the surface of the earth. It completes one full orbit every 92 minutes

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20
Q

What does JWST stand for?

A

James Webb Space Telescope

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21
Q

What is Antares?

A

A red supergiant star

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22
Q

What is Olympus Mons?

A

The highest volcano in our solar systems, located on Mars.

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23
Q

How do chains of volcanic islands form?

A

When a tectonic plate continuously moves over a hot spot located below the plate

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24
Q

Why is Olympus mons that enormous?

A

Because there is no motion in the tectonic plate to carry that mountain past the hot spot located below the plate

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25
Q

What is Jupiter

A

5th planet from the sun, largest planet in our solar system, has the Great Red Spot (giant storm)

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26
Q

What is Ida and Dactyl

A

Two asteroids in the asteroid belt. Ida is Montreal sized. Dactyl is four times that of Dawson.

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27
Q

What is Fomalhaut b?

A

One of the earliest discovered extrasolar planets, in orbit around star Fomalhaut

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28
Q

What is extrasolar planet?

A

Any planet outside our solar system

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29
Q

What is the Crab Nebula (M1)

A

A nebula (cloud of gas) that is an SNR

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30
Q

What does SNR stand for?

A

Super Nova Remnant. The supernova was witnessed in 1054

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31
Q

What are the Pleiades?

A

Also known as M45, the 7 sisters. It’s an open cluster of stars.

32
Q

What are the two star cluster types?

A

Open and globular

33
Q

What does the HST stand for?

A

Hubble Space Telescope

34
Q

There is an image called The Hubble Ultra Deep Field by HST. What is its field of view? What is the exposure time? What is the object shown?

A

FOV: 3.10 * 3.10 arc minutes
Exposure time: 22 days
Objects: furthest away galaxies

35
Q

There is an image called Pale Blue dot. Where was voyager 1 when it captured it? What are the object shown?

A

Where: about 6 billion km away from earth on the edge of solar system
Objects shown: Earth

36
Q

HERE WRITE SOME SCIENTIFIC NOTATION QUESTION

A

Scientific notation answers here

37
Q

How to convert km to m?

A

1 km = 1000m = 1 km * 1000

ex:

5km = 5000m

38
Q

What is the width of Montreal?

A

50km

39
Q

What is the radius of earth?

A

6400km

40
Q

What is the radius of the earth in comparison to the moon?

A

3.5 * radius of the moon

41
Q

What is radius of the sun?

A

109 * radius of earth / 10* radius of Jupiter

42
Q

What is radius of Jupiter ?

A

10.9 * radius of earth

43
Q

What is the brightest star?

A

Sirius

44
Q

What is Orion? What is Orion’s left shoulder?

A

A constellation. It is Betelgeuse, a star

45
Q

What is the largest known star and what is its radius compared to the sun?

A

UY Scuti. It has a radius between 1500 to 2000 times that of the sun

46
Q

What is an astronomical unit? (AU)

A

It is the distance of the earth-sun. No need to memorize how many meters.

47
Q

What is the radius of the solar system in AU?

A

About 40 AU

48
Q

What is the parsec ? (pc)

A

A distance unit bigger than AU.

49
Q

What is kpc and mpc?

A

Kpc ( kilo) = 1000 parsecs
Mpc (mega) = 1 000 000 parsecs

50
Q

What is apparent size?

A

Called “angular sizes” and measured in angles

51
Q

Complete

A

Completr

52
Q

How can you compare degrees, arcminutes, and arcseconds? Give three formulas.

A

1 degree = 60 arcminutes
1 arcminutes = 60 arcseconds
1 degree = 3600 arcseconds

53
Q

How do we measure distance to nearby stars?:

A

using the parallax method

54
Q

What is the light year?

A

A distance unit. It is the distance that light travels in vacuum in one year.

55
Q

How far away are the sun and alpha centauri in light years? What does this mean?

A

Sun: 8 minutes
Alpha Centauri: 4 years

This means (for the sun) it takes 8 minutes for light to reach us, so we the sun as it was 8 minutes ago

56
Q

Give three notable stars

A

Sirius, Polaris, and alpha centauri

57
Q

What is Sirius?

A

The brightest star in the night sky. It is about 8.61 ly away

58
Q

What is Polaris?

A

The North Star. It indicates where north is. It’s about 430 light years away

59
Q

What is alpha centauri?

A

The closest star system to us. It has three stars close to each other. It’s about 4 light years away. The faintest star Proxima Centauri is the closest to us.

60
Q

How to do unit conversion?

A

Answers HERE

61
Q

What is the hazy band in the sky? How many lightyears is it in diameter?

A

The Milky Way. 80 000ly.

62
Q

What is extinction?

A

The absorption, scattering, and reddening of star light due to the interstellar gas and dust

63
Q

Give six facts about the milky way?

A

1- it is a barred-spiral galaxy
2- number of stars: 100 thousand million
3- diameter: 80 000ly approximately
4- average thickness of the galactic disk: 1000ly
5- the solar system is located 25 000ly from the center of the galaxy
6-the sun revolves once around the center of the milky way every 200 million years

64
Q

Identify parts of the galaxy?

A

The disk - long stretch in middle
The bulge - the middle circle
Halo of globular clusters - circles

65
Q

What 6 things does a galaxy contain?

A

1- stars
2- the interstellar medium – thin mixture of gas and dust, with some denser parts called nebulas
3- cores of dead stars
4- failed stars (“brown dwarfs”)
5- one super massive black hole at certain of galaxy
6- dark matter

66
Q

Give an explanation of an open cluster. How far apart are these star clusters?

A

It is a group of up to a few thousand stars that formed together from the same nebula. They are found in galactic disk.

-Stars in the cluster are loosely bound to each other in gravity
-the stars in the cluster are all approximately at the same distance from us
-the most famous open cluster is the pleiades

67
Q

give explanation for globular clusters.

A

A globular cluster is a spherical collection of hundreds of thousands of very old stars that also formed at the same time. They are very tightly bound together.

-they are found in the galactic halo, and they orbit the galactic center
-there are about 150 known globular clusters in halo of milky way galaxy

68
Q

What is the interstellar Medium (The ISM)

A

the gas and dust that fills the space between the stars in a galaxy. it consists of an extremely diluted mixture of gas (atoms, ions, molecules) and dust grains

average density of the ism is one atom per cm cubed

-the gas is 90% hydrogen, 9% helium

69
Q

What is an asterism?

A

is an observed pattern or group of stars in the sky

70
Q

What is an interstellar cloud?

A

denser than average region of the ISM its composition varies

71
Q

What is a molecular cloud?

A

interstellar cloud that contains some molecules. stars form inside here

72
Q

what is nebula

A

synonym for interstellar cloud

73
Q

give two exxamples of nebulas

A

the eagle nebula and the orion nebula

74
Q

What is parallax?

A

the apparent shift of the position of an object, relative to a distant background due to the observer switching positions

75
Q

What is the formula for distance to the star in parsec?

A

distance to the star = 1/P

Astronomy (2 decks)

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