Quiz 1 Flashcards
Acheulean handaxe:
Thought to have been produced by H. Erectus, found in 1800s by John Frere, was the first clear presentation of the association in an open site of man-made tools and extinct animals
Anthropocene
the current geological age, viewed as the period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment. Began in 1950, characteristics are technology, population growth, health and hygiene, and increased production and consumption
Anthropology
the study of what makes humans, human
Antiquarian
one who collects artifacts and bones
Archaeology
The study of our human past, combining the themes of time and change, using the material remains that have survived
Artifact
objects and materials that people have made and used in the past
Cultural Resource Management (CRM)
Archaeology or other historic preservation activities done by state, university, and private organization to study and mitigate the impact of construction and development ton the archaeological and historical record
Culture
The general set of behaviors and knowledge that humans use to survive and adapt
Culture History
A focus in archaeology on the geographic and chronological dimensions of the remains from the past
Deduction
A top-down way of reasoning which uses hypotheses and test to form a conclusion, allows scientists to rule out
Fact
an idea that is known or can be proven to be true
Features
term for non-portable facilities and structures that humans make, build or dig.
modifications of the earth, constructions used for shelter, movement, and various other activities.
Canals, bridges, and burials included
Folsom Site
Site in New Mexico, extinct bison bones found by George McJunkin, later excavations reveal artifacts in the same layer and connected to the bones. answered the question about how long people had lived in the New World
Ales Hrdlicka
Czech Anthropologist, founder of physical anthropology and journal of. Set standards of how demonstrate great age in artifacts
Hypothesis
An idea or suggestion for explaining an observation
in situ
in its original place
induction
Bottom up reasoning, specific site/data sets are used to draw conclusions from specific data sets and apply them to general questions
Alfred Kidder
known for archeological work at Pecos Pueblo/use of ceramic evidence in identifying various archaeological cultures in the Southwest
Linguistics
The study of human languages
Midden
Archaeological deposits of trash and/shells that accumulate in heaps and mounds at a locus of human activity.
Paleoanthropology
the study of the history of human evolution through the fossil record
Paradigm
a model; an example
Postmodernism
There is no object reality or facts, science is used to establish power, reason can’t be trusted, etc.
Potsherd
a broken piece of ceramic material, especially one found on an archaeological site.
Science
seeks, natural explanations for natural phenomena, operates under the assumption that there is a real universe, methodical approach
Stratigraphy
A sequence of layers in the ground
Testability
Ability of a hypothesis, for example, to be subjected to scientific scrutiny and to be accepted or rejected, a necessary condition for the hypothesis to be useful.
Theory
A generally accepted explanation of observed events or relationships
Cyrus Thomas
1890 anthropologist who dismantled the Moundbuilder myth by using a scientific approach, concluding that moundbuilders were ancestors of modern native americans
Christian Thomsen
Danish anthropologist who introduced the three-age system; dividing pre-history into the stone, bronze, and iron-age
Uniformitarianism
Created by Charles Lyell, geological principle that the processes of erosion and deposition observed in action today also operated in the past
Verification
the process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something.
Jens Worsaae
student of Thomsen, considered the first archaeologist of the day, found layers of stone that proved the three age system
Lewis Binford
Leader of the “New Archaeology” movement in the 60s. Movement emphasized deductive reasoning, quantitative methods, and search for general laws and processes
