Quiz 1 Flashcards
1
Q
AAPA
A
American Academy of Physician Assistants
Recognized as the national voice for PAs in medical and surgical specialties
2
Q
AAPA HOD
A
The American Academy of Physician Assistants House of Delegates
Establishes the policies that are implemented by Board of Directors of the American Academy of Physician Assistants
Meets annually during the annual AAPA Conference
Consists of representatives from the charted chapters, the officially recognized specialty organizations, caucuses, and the Student Academy of the American Academy of Physician Assistants (SAAAPA)
3
Q
ARC-PA
A
Accreditation review commission on education of the physician assistant
4
Q
What does the ARC-PA do
A
Approves and revises Accreditation Standards for Physician Assistant Education, reviews applications for accreditation, appoints site visitors, awards accreditation, imposes sanction and advises programs and institutions on accreditation issues
5
Q
ADA
A
American with Disables Act
6
Q
AMA
A
American Medical Association
7
Q
CME
A
Continuing MedicalEducation
8
Q
DO
A
Doctor of Osteopathy
Professional doctorate degree for physicians and surgeons offered by medical schools in the United States
9
Q
Notable difference between DO and MD training
A
DO training adds 300-500 hours studying techniques for hands-on manipulation of the human musculoskeletal system
10
Q
Generalist
A
Physician trained in general practice who has not has specialty training
11
Q
MD
A
Medical doctor
Terminal medical degree for practitioners of medicine
12
Q
Latin- Medicinae Doctor
A
Meaning “teacher of medicine”
13
Q
MEDEX
A
Medicine Extension
14
Q
MEDEX termed coined by
A
Richard Smith, MD
15
Q
Medic
A
Technician trained to proved basic medical care in combat conditions
16
Q
Medicaid
A
Program operated by the state provides medical care to low income persons
The state Medicaid programs receive federal funding and they must comply with federal guidelines
17
Q
Medicare
A
Program that is part if the Social Security Administration
It provides the funds for the elderly and some other population to receive medical care
18
Q
Nurse
A
Person who has been trained in the field of nursing, and who meets nursing standards in education and medical competencies
Different designations of nurses exist
19
Q
A licensed practical nurse may practice under the direction of a
A
Register nurse or physician
20
Q
NCCPA
A
National Commission on Certification of Physician Assistants
21
Q
only credentialing organization for physician assistants in the United States
A
NCCPA
22
Q
NCCPA is dedicated to
A
assuring the public that certified physician assistants meet established standards of knowledge and clinical skills upon entry into practice and throughout their careers
23
Q
PAEA
A
Physician Assistant Education Association
24
Q
PAEA’s mission
A
to pursue excellence, foster faculty development, advance the body of knowledge that defines quality education and patient-centered care, and promote diversity in all aspects of physician assistant education
25
PA
physician assistant
26
PA-C
physician assistant-certified
27
PA-C is a title that can be used by
PAs who have obtained and maintained national certification requirements established by the NCCPA
28
PA-C is a mark of
professional accomplishment, indication the achievement and maintenance of established levels of knowledge and clinical skills
29
the PA-C credential is recognized___ and is requires___
within the medical professions, required in all 50 states, DC and American territories for licensure or registration as a PA
30
PANCE
physician assistant national certifying exam
31
to attain their initial certification and the PA-C designation, graduates of ARC-PA accredited programs must pass the
PANCE
32
PANCE is administered almost year-round by the
NCCPA
33
PANCE is a
computer-based, MC test comprised of 300 questions that assess general medical and surgical knowledge
34
PANRE
physician assistant national rectifying examination
35
to maintain NCCPA certification, PA certificate holders must pass the
PANRE before their certificate expires at the end of the 6th year of their certification maintenance cycle
36
PANRE exam consists of
240 MC questions designed to assess general medical and surgical knowledge
37
profession
an occupation that requires prolonged training and qualification
38
SAAPA
student academy of the American academy of physician assistants
39
SAAPA has its own structure within
the AAPA and includes representation from each PA Program's student society
40
specialist
a physician who has undergone generalist training, and has continued on to specialty training
41
specialty training usually involves a
3-5 year residency
42
gastroenterology
specialty
treat diseases of the digestive organs, including the stomach, bowels, liver, and gallbladder
43
general practice
specialty
provides primary care
treat illnesses, provide preventive care, and coordinate the care provided by other health professionals
44
general surgery
specialty
take care of patients who may need surgery
45
geriatric medicine
specialty
provides primary care for elderly patients
46
gynecological oncology
specialty
treat cancers of the female reproductive organs
47
hand surgery
speciality
perform surgery for patients with problems that affect the hand, wrist, or forearm
48
hematology
specialty
treat diseases of the blood, spleen, and lymph
(examples include anemia, sickle cell disease, hemophilia, and leukemia)
49
hospice and palliative care
specialty
manage pain and other distressing symptoms of serious illnesses
50
hospice care is
palliative care for patients who are expected to have 6 months or less to live
51
infectious diseases
specialty
treat patients with all types of infectious diseases
52
internal medicine
specialty
treat diseases of the internal organs that don't require surgery
provide primary care for teenagers, adults, and elderly people
53
interventional cardiology
specialty
heart and circulatory system specialists who use minimally invasive catheterization techniques to diagnose and treat coronary arteries, the peripheral vascular system, heart valves, and congenital heart defects
54
interventional pain management
specialty
use special procedures to treat and manage pain
(example- they may use cryoablation to stop a nerve from working for a long period of time)
55
interventional radiology
specialty
perform procedures guided by various types of imaging
(example- they may use imaging to find a clogged spot in an artery and to guide a procedure to unclog it)
56
maxillofacial surgery
specialty
perform surgery on the teeth, jaws, and surrounding tissues
57
medical oncology
specialty
treat cancer with chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biological therapy, and targeted therapy
they may also coordinate cancer care given by other specialists
58
nephrology
specialists
treat disorders of the kidneys
59
neurology
specialty
treat diseases of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
60
neuropsychiatry
specialty
treat patients with behavioral disturbances related to nervous system problems
61
neurosurgery
specialty
perform surgery to treat problems in the brain, spine, and nerves
62
nuclear medicine
speciality
use radioactive materials to diagnose and treat diseases
63
obstetrics
speciality
take care of women during pregnancy and childbirth
64
gynecology
specialty
take care of women during pregnancy and treat disorders of the female reproductive system
65
ophthalmology
specialty
specialize in the care of the eyes
they prescribe glasses and contact lenses, diagnose and treat eye conditions, and perform eye surgery
66
optometry
specialty
eye care professionals who perform eye examinations, prescribe corrective lenses, diagnose and treat some eye diseases that don't require surgery
67
oral surgery (dentist only)
specialty
dentists who use surgery to treat problems in the mouth and nearby areas
68
orthopedic surgery
specialty
treat diseases, injuries, and deformities of the bones and muscles
69
osteopathic manipulative medicine
specialty
osteopathic physicians often use a treatment called osteopathic manipulative treatment
hands-on approach to make sure that the body is moving freely
70
otolaryngology
specialty
treat conditions of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and related areas of the head and neck
71
pain management
specialty
take care of patients with pain
72
pathology
specialty
examine body tissues and interrupt lab test results
73
pediatric medicine
specialty
provides primary care for infants, children, and teenagers
74
peripheral vascular disease
specialty
treat diseases of the circulatory system other than those of the brain and heart
75
physical medicine and rehabilitation
specialty
treat patients with short-term and long-term disabilities
76
plastic and reconstructive surgery
perform procedures to improve the appearance or function of parts of the body
77
podiatry
specialty
care for the foot and treating foot disease
78
preventative medicine
specialty
work to promote the health and well-being of individuals or groups of people
79
primary care
treat illnesses, provide preventative care, and coordinate the care provided by other health professionals
family practice, general practice, geriatric medicine and internal medicine provide primary care
80
psychiatry
specialty
treat mental, addictive, and emotional disorder
81
psychiatry (geriatric)
specialty
treat mental and emotional disorders in elderly people
82
pulmonary disorder
specialty
treat diseases of the lungs and airways
83
radiation oncology
specialty
use radiation to treat cancer
84
rheumatology
specialty
treat problems involving joints, muscles, bones, and tendons
85
sleep medicine
specialty
treat problems related to sleep or the sleep-wake cycle
86
sport medicine
specialty
treat problems related to participants in sports or exercise
87
surgical oncology
specialty
specialize in the surgical diagnosis and treatment of cancer
88
thoracic surgery
specialty
treat problems in the chest, including problems affecting the heart, lungs, or windpipes
89
urology
specialty
treat problems in the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive system
90
vascular surgery
specialty
treat diseases of the circulatory system, other than the brain and heart
91
anesthesiologist assistant
health profession
work under the direction of an anesthesiologist as part of the anesthesia care team
92
audiology
health profession
have advanced training and evaluate hearing or balance problems
provide hearing aids and counsel people about how to cope with hearing loss
93
certified nurse midwife (CNM)
health profession
registered nurses who have earned a master's degree in nursing and met other requirements
practice in hospitals and medical clinic, they may also deliver babies in birthing centers and attend home births
94
certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)
registered nurses who earned a master's degree in nursing and met other requirements
provide anesthesia, working with other health care professionals
95
clinical nurse specialist (CNS)
health profession
registered nurses who have earned a master's degree in nursing and meth other requirements
handle a range of physical and mental health problems
96
clinical psychologists
health profession
have a doctorate in psychology and have advanced training in promoting mental health and helping people cope with problems
97
clinical social worker (CSW)
health profession
earned a master's degree, and help people deal with life changes and challenges, including mental disorders
98
nurse practitioner (NP)
registered nurses who have earned an advanced degree in nursing and met other requirements
provide primary and preventative care, prescribe medicines, and treat common minor illnesses and injuries
99
occupational therapy (OT)
health profession
-help people who are recovering from injuries to regain skills
-support people who are going through changes related to aging
-provide home assessments, teach people to use adaptive equipment (such as devices to help with bathing or dressing), and work with family members and caregivers
-state licensed and nationally certified to practice
100
physical therapy (PT)
health profession
-provide rehabilitation to help people move, reduce pain, restore function, and prevent disabilities
-state licensed and nationally certified to practice
101
physician assistant (PA)
health profession
-graduates of accredited PA educational programs
-licensed to practice medicine with physician's supervision
-examine patients, diagnose and treat illnesses, order lab tests, prescribe medicines, perform procedures, assist in surgery, and counsel patients
102
registered dietitian (RD)/ nutrition professional
health profession
teach patients about nutrition and provides medical nutrition therapy
103
speech-language pathology (SLP)
health profession
-sometimes called speech therapists
-treat communication and swallowing disorders
-state licensed and nationally certified in speech-language pathology
104
what are some variables affecting the healthcare environment in 2022
product shortage, science advances, covid, insurance/cost, etc.
105
who were the first physician assistant
former military corpsmen
106
when did the PA profession start
first class in 1965 and graduated in 1967
107
feldshers
developed some degree of medical training and helped in rural military places
-early 1540s
108
barefoot doctors
healthcare providers in rural areas (China in the 1960s)
-primary job in the rice fields (barefoot) and help when needed
-1/3 of doctors later had a background as a barefoot doc
109
changing the face of American Medicine
through major events in the early 1900s (industrial revolution, WW1, prohibition, etc)
-improved standards of medical education
-shift from home/office to hospital based health care
110
the Flexner report impact on medical education
-1910
-evaluates medical schools (wasn't standardized)
-50% closure of medical schools
-reduced diversity
111
medicine and healthcare during the first half of the 20th century
-physicians were predominately white males
-more generalists than specialist
-health insurance didn't really exist (paid mostly in cash)
112
rapid decline in generalists after WWII
-shifted generalists to specialists
-physician after WWII used their GI benefits to become specialists
- 50:50 ratio now
-declined access to heath care in rural communities
113
impact of WWII on medicine
-medics
-antibiotics
-blood products
114
national health insurance
-Roosevelt and Truman attempt to pass National Health Insurance- they are opposed by the AMA and conservative politicians who view socialized medicine as un-American
-LBJ signs Medicare Act 1965
-Affordable Care Act in 2010 ("healthcare for all")
115
demand for health care services soar
-shift from office to hospital w/ enhance technology, increased insurance access and federal Medicaid causes demand for health care services to skyrocket
-shortage of health care professionals
116
civil unrest 1960s
physician assistant concept emerges at a time of great social awakening (signing civil rights act and MLK Jr)
117
demands for equality and human rights
equal access to education and health care became viewed as a right for all Americans
118
medicare
- 65 years or older
-disabilities
-dialasis
119
Medicaid
-children
-low income
120
Johnson and Treadwell
-Johnson trained Treadwell to do more and more things
-wasn't a physician to formally trained
-could do most things and well trained
-"first PA"
121
the PA profession started in the _ profession
pediatric, because they couldn't keep up
122
expand clinical knowledge and skills of nurses
-wanted to train nurses more (before NP)
-dr. Eugene stead and nurse thelma ingles developed an advanced clinical nurse educational program at Duke in the late 1950s
- program was denied
123
founders of the PA profession
Dr. Eugene Stead
124
the first time former students were all
former Navy Hospital Corpsmen at Duke University
125
corpsmen enrolled in the PA program couldn't enroll full-time because
they were desperately needed in the medical units
126
one of the first PAs still living
Ken Ferrell, PA-C
127
MEDEX
-another way to use former military corpsmen
-Dr. Smith trained non-physician personal in Nigeria to meet the needs of indigent patients
-believed he could use a similar approach in isolated communities in the northwest
128
MEDEX is associated with what college
University of Washington
129
PA programs were caution not to become overly reliant on formed corpsmen since the number would decrease after the Vietnam war
-to expand the future needs
the PA profession needed to diversify
130
in 1968, Dr. Hu Meyers at Alderson-Broadus College established
the first 4-yr baccalaureate program for PAs that was open for everyone (helped to diversify the program)
131
Physician's Assistant Chipper of Gasoline Alley
comic that helped move the PA profession forward
132
the accreditation standards adopted in 1971 allowed
flexibility for programs to award credentials (certification or degree) based in institutional affiliations and local health workplace needs
133
in 1987 at the AAPA Conference in Cincinnati
the bachelor's degree was endorsed by the AAPA House of Delegates as the appropriate entry level for PA
134
within 20 years, the demographics of the PA profession
changed to include diversity and higher admission standards for students
-PAs were educated as generalist to work in primary care settings after graduation
135
Internation Development: Canada
-370 Canadian Certified PAs
-first developed in the military as an advanced medical technician
-utilization various from providence to providence
-highest in Ontario
136
International Development: Australia
-shortage of physicians
-43% of physicians are foreign born
-PA growth slow by concerns for quality of care and patient safety
-limited resources
-varying PA experiences
137
International Development: UK
-PA have steadily increased
--PA aren't recognized or registered by government
-150 PAs in UK (20 Americans, 1 Canadian)
-has initial qualifying exam
138
International Development: Northern Europe
more alike to American PAs
139
recognized as the national voice for PAs in medical and surgical specialities
AAPA
American Academy of Physician Assistants
140
approved and revises Accreditation Standards for Physician Assistant Education, reviews applications for accreditation, appoints site visitors, awards accreditation, imposes sanctions and advises programs and institutions on accreditation issues
ARC-PA
141
the only credentialing organization for PAs in the US
NCCPA
142
mission is to pursue excellence, foster faulty development, advance the body of knowledge that defines quality education and patient-centered care, and promote diversity in all aspects of PA education
PAEA
143
use technical procedures to evaluate heart rhythms
cardiac electrophysiology
144
treat problems in the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive system
urology
-nephrology looks at function of kidneys
145
treat diseases of the lower digestive tract
colorectal surgery
146
treat diseases that involve the internal glans
endocrinology
147
specialize in the care of the eyes
ophthalmology
148
treat diseases of the lungs and airways
pulmonology
