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Adolescent Psych > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

adolescence

A

The stage of development that begins with puberty and ends when individuals make the transition into adult roles, roughly speaking, from about 10 until the early 20s.

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2
Q

early adolescence

A

The period spanning roughly ages 10–13, corresponding roughly to the junior high or middle school years.

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3
Q

middle adolescence

A

The period spanning roughly ages 14–17, corresponding to the high school years.

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4
Q

late adolescence

A

The period spanning roughly ages 18–21, corresponding approximately to the college years.

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5
Q

emerging adulthood

A

The period spanning roughly ages 18–25, during which individuals make the transition from adolescence to adulthood.

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6
Q

puberty

A

The biological changes of adolescence.

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7
Q

rite of passage

A

A ceremony or ritual marking an individual’s transition from one social status to another, especially marking the young person’s transition to adulthood.

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8
Q

ecological perspective on human development

A

A perspective on development that emphasizes the broader context in which development occurs.

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9
Q

psychosocial

A

Referring to aspects of development that are both psychological and social in nature, such as developing a sense of identity or sexuality.

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10
Q

identity

A

The domain of psychosocial development involving self-conceptions, self-esteem, and the sense of who one is

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11
Q

autonomy

A

The psychosocial domain concerning the development and expression of independence.

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12
Q

intimacy

A

The psychosocial domain concerning the formation, maintenance, and termination of close relationships.

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13
Q

sexuality

A

The psychosocial domain concerning the development and expression of sexual feelings.

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14
Q

achievement

A

The psychosocial domain concerning behaviors and feelings in evaluative situations.

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15
Q

biosocial theories

A

Theories of adolescence that emphasize the biological changes of the period.

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16
Q

organismic theories

A

Theories of adolescence that emphasize the interaction between the biological changes of the period and the contexts in which they take place.

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17
Q

learning theories

A

Theories of adolescence that emphasize the ways in which patterns of behavior are acquired through reinforcement and punishment or through observation and imitation.

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18
Q

sociological theories

A

Theories of adolescence that emphasize the ways in which adolescents, as a group, are treated by society.

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19
Q

endocrine system

A

The system of the body that produces, circulates, and regulates hormones.

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20
Q

hormones

A

Highly specialized substances secreted by one or more endocrine glands.

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21
Q

glands

A

Organs that stimulate particular parts of the body to respond in specific ways to particular hormones.

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22
Q

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons

A

Specialized neurons that are activated by certain pubertal hormones.

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23
Q

set point

A

A physiological level or setting (e.g., of a specific hormone) that the body attempts to maintain through a self-regulating system.

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24
Q

feedback loop

A

A cycle through which two or more bodily functions respond to and regulate each other, such as that formed by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads.

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25
Q

pituitary gland

A

One of the chief glands responsible for regulating levels of hormones in the body.

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26
Q

hypothalamus

A

A part of the brain that controls the functioning of the pituitary gland.

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27
Q

gonads

A

The glands that secrete sex hormones: in males, the testes; in females, the ovaries.

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28
Q

testes

A

The male gonads.

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29
Q

ovaries

A

The female gonads.

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30
Q

androgens

A

A class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but in higher levels among males than females following puberty.

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31
Q

estrogens

A

A class of sex hormones secreted by the gonads, found in both sexes, but in higher levels among females than males following puberty.

32
Q

HPG (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal) axis

A

The neurophysiological pathway that creates a feedback loop involving the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads.

33
Q

adrenarche

A

The maturation of the adrenal glands that takes place during adolescence.

34
Q

cortisol

A

A hormone produced when a person is exposed to stress.

35
Q

kisspeptin

A

A brain chemical believed to trigger the onset of puberty.

36
Q

leptin

A

A protein produced by the fat cells that may play a role in the onset of puberty through its impact on kisspeptin.

37
Q

melatonin

A

A hormone secreted by the brain that contributes to sleepiness and that triggers the onset of puberty through its impact on kisspeptin.

38
Q

adolescent growth spurt

A

The dramatic increase in height and weight that occurs during puberty.

39
Q

peak height velocity

A

The point at which the adolescent is growing most rapidly.

40
Q

epiphysis

A

The closing of the ends of the bones, which terminates growth after the adolescent growth spurt has been completed.

41
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

The manifestations of sexual maturity at puberty, including the development of breasts, the growth of facial and body hair, and changes in the voice.

42
Q

Tanner stages

A

A widely used system that describes the five stages of pubertal development.

43
Q

menarche

A

The time of first menstruation, one of the most important changes to occur among females during puberty.

44
Q

pheromones

A

A class of chemicals secreted by animals that stimulate certain behaviors in other members of the species.

45
Q

secular trend

A

The tendency, over the past two centuries, for individuals to be larger in stature and to reach puberty earlier, primarily because of improvements in health and nutrition.

46
Q

cross-sectional study

A

A study that compares two or more groups of individuals at one point in time.

47
Q

longitudinal study

A

A study that follows the same group of individuals over time.

48
Q

delayed phase preference

A

A pattern of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty.

49
Q

basal metabolism rate

A

The minimal amount of energy used by the body during a resting state.

50
Q

body mass index (BMI)

A

A measure of an individual’s body fat, the ratio of weight to height; used to gauge overweight and obesity.

51
Q

disordered eating

A

Mild, moderate, or severe disturbance in eating habits and attitudes.

52
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

An eating disorder found chiefly among young women, characterized by dramatic and severe self-induced weight loss.

53
Q

bulimia

A

An eating disorder found primarily among young women, characterized by a pattern of binge eating and extreme weight-loss measures, including self-induced vomiting.

54
Q

binge eating disorder

A

An eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating that is not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight.

55
Q

social redefinition

A

The process through which an individual’s position or status is redefined by society.

56
Q

age of majority

A

The designated age at which an individual is recognized as an adult.

57
Q

statutory rape

A

Sex between two individuals, even when it is consensual, when at least one of the persons is below the legal age of consent; in the United States, the specific age of consent varies from state to state.

58
Q

inventionists

A

Theorists who argue that the period of adolescence is mainly a social invention.

59
Q

child protectionists

A

Individuals who argued, early in the twentieth century, that adolescents needed to be kept out of the labor force in order to protect them from the hazards of the workplace.

60
Q

teenager

A

A term popularized about 50 years ago to refer to young people; it connoted a more frivolous and lighthearted image than did “adolescent.”

61
Q

youth

A

Today, a term used to refer to individuals ages 18 to 22; it once referred to individuals ages 12 to 24.

62
Q

initiation ceremony

A

The formal induction of a young person into adulthood.

63
Q

status offense

A

A violation of the law that pertains to minors but not adults.

64
Q

juvenile justice system

A

A separate system of courts and related institutions developed to handle juvenile crime and delinquency.

65
Q

criminal justice system

A

The system of courts and related institutions developed to handle adult crime.

66
Q

cohort

A

A group of individuals born during the same general historical era.

67
Q

quinceañera

A

An elaborate sort of “coming-out” celebration for adolescent girls that is practiced in many Latino communities.

68
Q

Bar (Bas) Mitzvah

A

In Judaism, the religious ceremony marking the young person’s transition to adulthood.

69
Q

scarification

A

The intentional creation of scars on some part or parts of the body, often done as part of an initiation ceremony.

70
Q

circumcision

A

A procedure in which some part of the genitals is cut and permanently altered.

71
Q

female genital mutilation

A

The cutting or removal of the clitoris, performed in some cultures as part of the initiation of female adolescents.

72
Q

baby boom

A

The period following World War II, during which the number of infants born was extremely large.

73
Q

continuous transitions

A

Passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into gradually.

74
Q

discontinuous transitions

A

Passages into adulthood in which adult roles and statuses are entered into abruptly.

75
Q

collective efficacy

A

A community’s social capital, derived from its members’ common values and goals.

Adolescent Psych (1 decks)

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